Origin
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso, commonly known as Rocky Mountain netleaf willow, is a species of shrub in the willow family Salicaceae. It is native to the western United States, including Alaska and western Canada.
Common Names
The Rocky Mountain netleaf willow has several common names including, mountain willow, reticulate willow, netted willow, and diamond willow.
Uses
The Rocky Mountain netleaf willow serves as an important source of food and shelter for wildlife. The shrub provides cover for small mammals, birds, and insects, and its leaves are a food source for deer, elk, and other herbivores. Native Americans used the bark of the willow to treat headaches, fever, and other ailments.
General Appearance
The Rocky Mountain netleaf willow is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 6 feet tall. The plant has green, diamond-shaped leaves with a reticulate (net-like) pattern of veins. In the spring, the willow produces small, inconspicuous flowers that are pollinated by wind. The shrub's bark is gray and smooth, often with diamond-shaped patterns.
Light Requirements
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso is a plant that requires full sun to partial shade for normal growth. In areas with hot summers, it is best to provide shade during midday. Insufficient light causes stunted growth and may lead to the plant dying.
Temperature Requirements
The plant tolerates low temperatures and can be placed in USDA hardiness zones 1 to 6. Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso prefers cool, moist surroundings in which to grow. During summer temperatures should not exceed 20°C. In winter, temperatures below -40°C do not inhibit growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.0-8.0. It grows best in soils that are rich in organic matter. It can tolerate moist, rocky soils, but requires soils that are nutrient-rich and well-drained. The presence of nitrogen and phosphorus in the soil encourages growth, and the using organic amendments such as compost is recommended.
Cultivation methods
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb) L. Kelso, commonly known as the mountain alpine willow, is native to the mountainous regions of North America. It is a cold-hardy plant that can withstand extreme temperatures and harsh weather conditions. When planting, ensure that the site has well-draining soil, as the plant cannot tolerate soil that is waterlogged for long periods. The best time to plant is during the early spring when the soil is moist and the temperatures are cool. The plant requires full to partial sun exposure for healthy growth.
Watering needs
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb) L. Kelso, requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. However, it is important to avoid overwatering as this can lead to waterlogging and root rot. The plant should be watered deeply every two weeks, and the soil allowed to dry out between watering intervals. The frequency of watering should be reduced during the winter months, and the plant should be kept slightly drier to avoid freezing of the roots.
Fertilization
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb) L. Kelso, requires regular fertilization to promote healthy growth and consistent foliage production. Fertilization should be done during the early spring, just as the plant starts to grow. You can use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10. A slow-release fertilizer is also a good option as it provides nutrients to the plant gradually. Ensure that you apply the fertilizer according to the instructions provided on the package to avoid over-fertilization, which can lead to plant damage.
Pruning
Pruning is an important aspect of caring for Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb) L. Kelso. Pruning should be done during the late winter or early spring before the plant starts new growth. The best time to prune is when the plant is dormant, as this reduces the risk of damaging the plant. When pruning, remove any dead or diseased branches or stems. Cut back any stems that are crossing or rubbing against each other to encourage healthy growth. Avoid pruning more than a third of the plant at any one time, as this can stunt growth and damage the plant.
Propagation of Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso, commonly known as mountain alder, can be propagated by various methods including seed, cuttings, and layering.
Seed Propagation
The seeds of mountain alder can be collected in the fall when they are fully ripe. They can then be stored in a cool and dark place until the spring, when they can be sown in a pot or directly in the ground, about 1/8 inch deep. The soil should be moist and well-drained, and the pot or planting area should be kept at a temperature of about 60-70°F until the seeds germinate, which can take up to a few months.
Cuttings Propagation
Mountain alder can be propagated using softwood or hardwood cuttings. Softwood cuttings can be taken in the early summer, while hardwood cuttings can be taken in the late fall when the plant is dormant. The cuttings should be about 6-8 inches long, and all the leaves should be removed from the lower half. The cutting should then be dipped in rooting hormone, and planted in a pot or directly in the ground, in a soil mix that is moist and well-drained. The plant should be kept at a temperature of about 60-70°F until it roots, which can take up to a few months.
Layering Propagation
Layering is another propagation method for mountain alder, and it involves bending a low-growing branch down to the ground and burying it partially, leaving the tip exposed. Once roots have formed from the buried portion, the branch can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted. This method can take up to a year for roots to form.
Disease Management
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso is generally resistant to most diseases, but some common issues may arise. One of the most common diseases is Cytospora canker, which can cause stem or branch dieback, and eventually girdling of the plant. This disease is caused by a fungus and can be controlled by pruning the affected area, sterilizing pruning tools, and removing infected plant material. Preventative measures such as avoiding excessive moisture and maintaining proper nutrition can also reduce the likelihood of Cytospora canker.
Leaf spots may also occur, caused by fungi such as Phyllosticta or Septoria. Although most leaf spots do not pose a significant threat to plant health, severe fungal infestations can defoliate the plant and negatively impact growth and bloom. To manage leaf spot diseases, sanitation is essential. Remove infected leaves and debris from the plant and surrounding areas, do not overwater, and avoid getting leaves wet during irrigation or rainfall. Fungicides can also be applied, but should be used as a last resort.
Pest Management
Salix reticulata L. var. saximontana (Rydb.) L. Kelso may be susceptible to several pests, including aphids, scales, and spider mites. Aphids are commonly found on the undersides of leaves, feeding on plant sap and secreting honeydew, which can leave a sticky residue on the plant. Scales feed on plant sap, causing yellowing, wilting, and leaf drop. Spider mites feed on plant cells, causing tiny yellow or white dots on leaf surfaces, eventually leading to leaf bronzing, defoliation, and stunting.
To manage these pests, use a strong blast of water to knock off aphids or spider mites, and prune and dispose of heavily infested plant material. Insecticides can also be used, although it is best to choose products that are non-toxic to beneficial insects and pollinators. Horticultural oils or insecticidal soaps can also be effective in managing aphids, scales, and spider mites.
