Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé: Description and Uses
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé is a tropical plant that belongs to the family Celastraceae. It is commonly known as Shiva vine, Fiebre amarilla, and Ngao in different regions where it grows. The plant is originally from Africa and can be found in countries such as Cameroon, Congo, Nigeria, and Gabon.
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei is a medicinal plant used for its therapeutic properties. The plant has been used in folk medicine to treat various ailments such as fever, malaria, diabetes, and gastrointestinal disorders. The aqueous extract from the stem bark has been found to be rich in terpenoids and alkaloids which are responsible for its medicinal properties.
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei is a large woody climber that grows up to 30 meters tall. It has a smooth bark with a yellowish-gray color. The leaves are oblong and glossy, while the flowers are small and greenish-yellow. The plant produces fruits that are up to 2 centimeters in diameter and contain up to three seeds per fruit.
As a medicinal plant, Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei has shown potential in the treatment of diabetes. Studies have shown that the plant's extracts can help lower blood sugar levels by inhibiting glucose absorption in the intestine and increasing insulin sensitivity. Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei has also been found to have potent anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial properties.
In conclusion, Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei is an important medicinal plant that has been used for centuries to treat various ailments. It is a large woody climber with glossy leaves, small greenish-yellow flowers, and fruits that contain up to three seeds. The plant is native to Africa and can be found in various countries such as Cameroon, Congo, Nigeria, and Gabon.
Light requirements:
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei typically grows in partially shaded to fully shaded areas. It is not recommended to expose this plant to direct sunlight for extended periods, as it can lead to leaf scorching and dehydration.
Temperature requirements:
The optimal temperature range for Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei growth is between 20°C to 30°C. However, it can also survive in temperatures as low as 15°C and as high as 35°C. Extreme temperature fluctuations may lead to stunted growth or even death of the plant.
Soil requirements:
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei requires well-draining soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be fertile, organically rich, and hold moisture for prolonged periods without becoming waterlogged. It thrives in soils with high humus content and with an average texture, ranging from sandy loam to clay loam.
Cultivation methods
The Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé plant is generally propagated by means of seedlings or cuttings. The seeds must be planted in sandy soil mixed with compost and kept moist, preferably in a greenhouse or sheltered area. The cutting method involves using a sharp and sterilized knife to take cuttings from a healthy parental plant and planting them in a mixture of compost and sand. The cuttings should be watered regularly and kept in a sheltered area or greenhouse. This plant thrives in rich and well-draining soil, and it is essential to maintain adequate drainage for optimum growth.
Watering needs
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé plant requires regular watering to promote healthy growth. It is crucial to ensure that the soil is consistently moist, but not waterlogged. Overwatering can cause root rot and other diseases. During the growing season, it is best to water the plant once or twice a week, depending on the climate and the soil's moisture levels. However, during the dormant season, the plant requires less watering, and it is best to allow the soil to dry out slightly between watering sessions.
Fertilization
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé plant requires regular fertilization to encourage healthy growth. It is best to use a slow-release fertilizer, which can be added to the soil once or twice during the growing season. Additionally, it is recommended to apply an organic fertilizer or compost to the soil surface around the plant to improve soil quality and promote healthy root growth.
Pruning
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé plant requires minimal pruning, and it is best to allow the plant to grow naturally. However, if necessary, light pruning can be done during the growing season to remove any damaged or dead branches. The pruning must be done with sterile tools to prevent the transmission of diseases. Additionally, regular inspection must be done to remove any damaged or diseased foliage from the plant to promote healthy growth.
Propagation Methods of Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei is a plant species that belongs to the Celastraceae family. This evergreen plant species is found in moist tropical forests in Central and West Africa.
The plant can be propagated through the following methods:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is one of the most preferred methods of propagation for Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei. The seeds must be collected when they are matured. The mature seeds are dark brown, oblong, and usually, a little less than 1 cm long. After collection, the seeds can be stored in cool and dry conditions for up to a year. Before planting, the seeds must be soaked in water for 24-48 hours to aid germination.
The seeds can be propagated in containers filled with a mixture of fertile soil, sand, and organic matter. Plant the seeds 1-2 cm deep in the soil and water gently. The container should be placed in a warm, humid location and regularly watered. Germination usually occurs within 2-4 weeks.
Cutting Propagation
Cutting propagation is another method of propagating Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei. Take cuttings of approximately 10-15 cm from a healthy, mature plant. The cutting should have at least two to three nodes. Remove the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting, leaving just a few leaves on the top. Dip the base of the cutting in rooting hormone and plant it in a growing medium with good drainage. Water the cutting and place it in a bright, sheltered area with no direct sunlight. The cutting should root in 2-3 weeks, after which it can be transplanted into a permanent container or outdoor soil location.
In conclusion, the propagation of Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei can be achieved through seed propagation or cutting propagation. Both methods can be successful with proper care and attention to details.
Disease Management
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé is susceptible to a few diseases that can impact its growth and development. Here are some of the common diseases and tips to manage them:
- Leaf spot: This fungal disease causes small brown or black spots on the leaves. Remove all infected leaves from the plant and dispose of them in the trash. Apply a fungicide spray to the plant regularly to prevent further infection.
- Crown rot: Crown rot is caused by fungal pathogens that infect the roots and cause the plant to wilt and die. Preventative measures include planting the plant in well-draining soil and avoiding over-watering. Apply a fungicide to the soil to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Bacterial canker: This disease attacks the stems and leaves of the plant, causing them to wilt and turn brown. Trim away infected areas and apply a copper-based fungicide. Preventative measures include sterilizing garden tools and avoiding over-watering.
Pest Management
Salacia chlorantha Oliv. subsp. demeusei (De Wild. & T.Durand) N.Hallé is also vulnerable to insect pests that can cause damage to the plant. Here are some common pest problems and tips to manage them:
- Spider mites: These pests suck sap from the leaves of the plant, causing them to turn yellow and drop. Remove infected leaves and apply an insecticidal soap spray to the plant regularly to control spider mites.
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies cause leaves to yellow and turn brown. They also excrete honeydew, which attracts ants and can lead to sooty mold. Apply a insecticidal soap spray or neem oil to the plant to control whiteflies.
- Caterpillars: Caterpillars chew holes in the leaves of the plant, causing damage to the growth and development of the plant. Remove caterpillars by hand and use an insecticidal spray to control infestations.
