Overview
Sabicea neglecta Hepper is a shrubby plant species belonging to the Rubiaceae family. It is known for its cultural and medicinal value and has been used in folklore medicine for its various pharmacological properties.Origin and Distribution
Sabicea neglecta Hepper is indigenous to Africa and is found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, and the Central African Republic. This species can also be found in some parts of Asia, including India and Myanmar.Appearance
Sabicea neglecta Hepper is a small shrub, growing up to 2 meters tall. It has simple, opposite leaves, which are typically elliptical or ovate in shape, with a smooth texture and a glossy appearance. The plant produces small, white flowers with cylindrical petals that bloom in clusters. The fruit of the plant is a greenish spherical berry with a diameter of about 3-5 mm.Common Names
The plant is commonly referred to by different names in different regions. In Nigeria, it is called "Oriwo" by the Yoruba people, while the Ibos call it “N’omisi.” In Cameroon, it is called “Asongabang.” Other common names for Sabicea neglecta Hepper include "Spiny-leaf Sabicea" and "Neglected Sabicea."Uses
Sabicea neglecta Hepper has various medicinal uses, as the plant extract has been used in traditional medicine for its therapeutic effects. The leaves are used in herbal medicines for the treatment of fever, malaria, and cough. The fruits are used to treat digestive problems such as diarrhea, while the stem is used as a tonic and as an emetic. The roots are used to treat toothache, while the plant extract is used to treat inflammation and rheumatism. In addition to its medicinal uses, Sabicea neglecta Hepper is also used for ornamental purposes. The plant's ornamental value lies in its beautiful white flowers, which bloom in clusters and have a pleasant fragrance. The plant is often used for landscaping and beautification purposes in gardens and parks.Light requirements
Sabicea neglecta Hepper typically grows in areas with partial shade to full shade. It can tolerate low light conditions but may not thrive in areas with direct sunlight. In shaded areas, it may require more time to reach maturity but can also handle hotter temperatures.
Temperature requirements
This plant can grow in warm temperatures, ranging from 20°C to 30°C. However, it can also tolerate cooler temperatures that fall within the range of 15°C to 20°C. Extreme temperatures, below 10°C or above 35°C, can stunt its growth or even cause damage to the plant.
Soil requirements
Sabicea neglecta Hepper prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil pH range should be neutral to slightly acidic, ranging between 6.0 and 7.0. The plant can't withstand waterlogging, therefore, soil with good drainage is important. Additionally, the soil should be moist, but not too wet or dry, for optimal growth and survival.
Cultivation Methods
Sabicea neglecta is a versatile and hardy plant species that can thrive well in different types of soil. The plant should be given a well-drained soil that is moist with a good amount of organic materials. It is recommended to plant the species in early spring or late fall when the soil is not too moist or dry.
The plant can be propagated through stem cuttings or seedlings. To propagate from seed, the amount of sunlight and moisture should be controlled, and proper care should be taken to use a good quality soil. Sabicea neglecta should be planted in an area with partial shade to full sun.
Watering Needs
Sabicea neglecta requires constant moisture for optimum growth. The plant should be watered at least once a week, and more frequently during dry seasons. It is essential to avoid over-watering, which can cause fungal diseases or root rot. The amount of water required depends on the location, humidity, and rainfall patterns.
Fertilization
Sabicea neglecta requires regular fertilization for optimum growth and development. A balanced fertilizer with a ratio of N-P-K of 10:10:10 or 20:20:20 should be applied every two to three weeks during the growing season. The amount of fertilizer to be applied depends on the size and age of the plant. However, it is essential to avoid over-fertilization, which can cause chemical burns or damage to the roots.
Pruning
Pruning of Sabicea neglecta should be done at the beginning of spring or fall. This will help in removing dead or damaged branches, promoting bushier growth, and shaping the plant. It is recommended to prune the plant back by 1/3 of its original height to encourage robust growth. Shaping or trimming of the plant should be done on a as-needed basis, removing a maximum of 1/3 of the plant at a time. Avoid pruning during winter months as it can stress the plant.
Propagation of Sabicea neglecta Hepper
Sabicea neglecta can be propagated through various methods:
Seed Propagation
The seeds of Sabicea neglecta can be sown in a well-draining soil mixture containing equal parts of sand, perlite, and peat moss. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and watered lightly. The soil should be kept evenly moist until the seeds germinate, which usually takes about 2-3 weeks. Once the seedlings have two sets of true leaves, they can be transplanted into individual pots or out into the garden.
Cuttings Propagation
Sabicea neglecta can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Cuttings can be taken from a healthy plant during the spring or summer months. The cuttings should be about 4-6 inches long and should have at least two sets of leaves. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end of the stem into rooting hormone to encourage root growth. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mixture and keep it evenly moist until roots form, which usually takes about 4-6 weeks. Once the roots develop, the new plant can be transplanted to a larger container or into the garden.
Division Propagation
If the Sabicea neglecta plant has become too large, it can be divided to create new plants. The plant should be dug up carefully, and the root ball should be divided into sections using a sharp knife or shears. Each division should have a piece of stem and several healthy roots. The divided sections should be planted in a well-draining soil mixture and kept evenly moist until the new plants establish themselves.
Disease and Pest Management for Sabicea neglecta Hepper
Sabicea neglecta Hepper, also known as the Nigerian star apple, is a tropical plant that is resilient to most diseases and pests. However, it can still be affected by a few common diseases and pests. Here are some tips to manage these issues:
Common Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that can affect Sabicea neglecta Hepper and other plants. Symptoms include brown or black spots on leaves, stems, and fruits. To manage anthracnose, prune the affected parts, avoid overhead irrigation, and apply a fungicide according to the instructions.
Root Rot: Overwatering and poor drainage can cause root rot in Sabicea neglecta Hepper. Symptoms include yellowing leaves, wilting, and stunted growth. To manage root rot, improve drainage, reduce watering, and apply a fungicide that targets root rot fungi.
Common Pests
Fruit Flies: These pests are attracted to ripe fruits of Sabicea neglecta Hepper and can cause damage by laying eggs on them. To manage fruit flies, remove overripe fruits, cover the fruits with a fine net, and apply pesticides that target fruit flies.
Mealybugs: These pests are small, white, and waxy, and they suck sap from plants, causing yellowing leaves and stunted growth. To manage mealybugs, prune the affected parts, apply a cotton swab soaked in alcohol to the affected areas, or apply insecticidal soap.
By following these disease and pest management tips, you can help keep your Sabicea neglecta Hepper plant healthy and thriving.
