Overview
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve, commonly known as alpine sorrel, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the family Polygonaceae. It is a sub-species of Rumex acetosa, which is native to Europe and Asia, but has been naturalized in other regions of the world including North America.
Appearance
Alpine sorrel typically grows up to 30-50 cm in height and spreads through rhizomes. It has simple, alternate, lance-shaped leaves that are usually green in color and grow up to 15 cm long. The stems have a reddish-brown color and are stout. The flowers of alpine sorrel are small and greenish-red in color and are arranged in clusters on the inflorescences at the top of the stems.
Common Names
Alpine sorrel is known by various common names such as sour dock, garden sorrel, common sorrel, and narrow-leaved dock. The plant's leaves have a tangy, sour taste due to the presence of oxalic acid, and are often used in cooking as a flavoring agent and as a source of vitamin C.
Uses
The leaves of alpine sorrel are rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals such as potassium, magnesium, and calcium. They are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as constipation, diarrhea, and fever. The leaves are also known to have anti-inflammatory properties and can be used topically to treat skin conditions such as eczema and acne. In addition, alpine sorrel is used in cosmetics due to its astringent properties.
Alpine sorrel is also used as a food crop and is popular in European cuisine. The leaves are used in salads, soups, stews, sauces, and as a garnish on various dishes such as fish and meat. The plant's leaves can also be boiled and eaten as a vegetable, or used to make a tea.
Light Requirements
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve requires full sun to partial shade to grow effectively. In its natural habitat, it grows in open grasslands, meadows, and disturbed areas that receive adequate sunlight. When grown indoors, the plant should be placed near a window that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight daily.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is well adapted to cold environments. It can tolerate low temperatures and frost, making it suitable for growth in temperate and alpine regions. The optimal temperature range for growth is 10-20°C. High-temperature conditions above 25°C can cause the plant to bolt or wilt. In areas with hot summers, it should be grown in sheltered locations or in partial shade.
Soil Requirements
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve is adaptable to different soil types. However, it does best in deep, moist, and well-drained soils with a pH of 6.0-7.0. The plant does not tolerate waterlogged soils, and the roots may rot if grown in poorly drained soils. The addition of organic matter such as compost, manure, or peat moss to the soil can improve soil fertility and water retention, which can increase plant growth and yield.
Cultivation Methods:
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve, commonly known as Alpine sorrel or garden sorrel, is a cold-hardy perennial plant that thrives in USDA Hardiness Zones 4-8. It prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter and neutral to slightly acidic pH.
The plant can be propagated through seeds or by division of mature plants in early spring or fall. Sow the seeds about 1/4 inch deep and lightly cover them with soil. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged until the seeds germinate, which usually takes about 10-14 days.
Watering Needs:
Watering needs of Alpine sorrel can vary depending on the soil type, climatic conditions, and growth stage of the plant. As a rule of thumb, it is recommended to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged to prevent root rot. In general, the plant requires about 1 inch of water per week, including rainfall.
During the hot summer months, the plant may require more frequent watering to prevent wilting. However, care should be taken not to overwater the plant, as it may lead to fungal diseases and root rot.
Fertilization:
To promote healthy growth and fruit production, it is essential to fertilize the Alpine sorrel regularly. Use a balanced fertilizer with equal NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) ratio or a slow-release granular fertilizer. Apply the fertilizer in early spring and mid-summer at the recommended dosage according to the package instructions.
Avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as it may lead to excessive vegetative growth and reduced fruit quality. Additionally, it is recommended to use organic fertilizers, such as compost or aged manure, to avoid chemical build-up in the soil.
Pruning:
Pruning the Alpine sorrel is not necessary, but it can help to promote bushier growth and prolong the fruiting season. Remove any diseased, damaged, or dead foliage as soon as they are noticed to prevent the spread of diseases and pests.
Additionally, cutting back the flowering stems after they have finished blooming can encourage the plant to produce new growth and prolong the fruiting season. Avoid pruning the plant heavily in late summer or fall, as it may reduce winter hardiness and lead to dieback.
Propagation of Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris (Jacq.) A. Löve, also known as alpine sorrel, can be propagated by both seeds and root division.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris can be directly sown in the garden bed during spring or fall. The seeds should be planted 1/4 inch deep in a well-drained soil, with a spacing of 12-18 inches. The plants will grow to a height of 12-24 inches. Germination usually occurs within 10-15 days.
Propagation by Root Division
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris can also be propagated by root division. This method is best performed during the spring or fall when the plant is dormant. The root ball should be carefully dug out, and the roots should be separated into sections with a sharp knife. Each section should contain at least one leaf bud and a healthy root system. The sections can be replanted in well-drained soil, with a spacing of 12-18 inches.
Disease Management
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris is prone to various diseases, including:
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is a fungal disease that causes brown spots on the leaves. To manage leaf spot, remove and destroy infected plant debris, improve air circulation, and avoid overhead watering.
Powdery Mildew
Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that causes a white powdery coating on the leaves. To manage powdery mildew, spray the plant with a fungicide, reduce humidity, and avoid overcrowding the plants.
Root Rots
Root rots are fungal diseases that cause root decay, resulting in stunted growth, yellowing of the leaves, and plant death. To manage root rots, plant in well-drained soil, avoid overwatering, and apply a fungicide.
Pest Management
Rumex acetosa L. ssp. alpestris is prone to various pests, including:
Aphids
Aphids are small insects that suck the sap out of the leaves, causing distortion and yellowing of the leaves. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap, ladybugs, or natural predators, such as lacewings and parasitic wasps.
Leaf Miners
Leaf miners are small insects that feed on the leaves from inside out, causing translucent patches and tunnel-like mines. To manage leaf miners, remove and destroy infected leaves, spray with a neem oil solution, and apply a sticky trap.
Cutworms
Cutworms are caterpillars that feed on the stem at the soil level, causing plant death. To manage cutworms, handpick them, apply a biological insecticide, such as Bacillus thuringiensis, or use a physical barrier, such as a collar made of cardboard or plastic.
