Origin
Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter is a plant species that belongs to the botanical family Melastomataceae. It is native to South America, particularly in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay. However, it has also been introduced in other parts of the world such as Africa and Australia.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as Wild Coffee, Andean Berry, and Mountain Blueberry. In countries like Argentina and Chile, it is sometimes referred to as Mora de Castilla or Mora serrana.
Uses
The plant has several uses, particularly in traditional medicine. The leaves and fruits have been used to treat a variety of ailments such as colds, fever, diarrhea, and stomach problems. The plant contains antioxidants and other compounds that have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In South America, the fruit is also used to make jams, jellies, and other culinary products. Additionally, it is sometimes used as an ornamental plant, particularly in gardens and parks.
General Appearance
Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter is a small shrub that typically grows up to 2 meters in height. It has dense foliage, with small, ovate leaves that are shiny and dark green in color. The plant produces small, white or pink flowers that bloom in clusters from late spring to early summer. The fruit is a small, round berry that ranges in color from white to blue-purple, containing several small seeds. The plant prefers to grow in colder climates and is typically found in mountainous regions.
Growth conditions of Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter
Light: Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei is a plant that thrives well in areas with abundant sunlight. Therefore, it requires full to partial sunlight exposure for effective growth. Placing the plant in shaded areas may lead to stunted growth and poor yield.
Temperature: This plant prefers warm temperatures throughout the year. The ideal temperature range for its effective growth is between 20°C to 30°C. Temperatures below 10°C can be detrimental to its growth, which may lead to wilting and eventually death.
Soil: Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei grows well in well-drained, fertile soils. It requires soils that are rich in organic matter with a pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. In addition, the plant needs soils that are slightly acidic to neutral. Sandy loam soils are appropriate for its growth, but it can also grow in other soil types with appropriate nutrition.
Water: This plant requires an adequate amount of water to thrive well. Its soil should always be moist, but not waterlogged. Too little water can cause wilting and eventual death of the plant. In areas with low rainfall, it may be necessary to water the plant regularly to ensure its survival.
Fertilizers: Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei requires adequate nutrition to support its growth. It is recommended to apply fertilizers during the growing season, between spring and summer. Organic fertilizers can be used to improve soil fertility without compromising its overall health.
With the appropriate growth conditions, Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei can thrive well and produce significant yields. Therefore, it is essential to ensure that the plant is exposed to adequate sunlight, optimal temperatures, and proper soil and water conditions.
Cultivation of Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter
Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter is a hardy, drought-resistant plant that is commonly found in rocky terrain and gravelly soils. The plant can be grown from seeds or cuttings, and it thrives in full sun or partial shade.
Watering needs
When it comes to watering, Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter is a low water requirement plant, which can tolerate drought. Water the plant only when the soil is dry to the touch. Overwatering can lead to root rot and damage the plant.
Fertilization
The plant doesn't need any fertilizer since it can grow in nutrient-poor soils. However, applying a slow-release fertilizer in the early spring can provide the plant with an extra boost of nutrients. Avoid using a fertilizer high in nitrogen, as it can damage the plant.
Pruning
Royena lycioides (Desf.) A.DC. subsp. guerkei (Kuntze) De Winter doesn't require much pruning. However, if necessary, prune the plant after it finishes flowering to maintain its shape. Cut back any dead or diseased branches. To avoid damaging the plant, use sharp and clean pruning shears.
Propagation of Royena lycioides Subsp. Guerkei
Royena lycioides Subsp. Guerkei can be propagated through various methods:
Seed Propagation
Seeds can be collected from ripe fruits, washed, and sown in trays filled with seed raising mix during spring. It is recommended to sow multiple seeds in each pot or tray to account for low germination rates. Cover the seeds lightly with soil and keep the soil moist by misting it.
Cuttings
Softwood cuttings taken from the tips of the plants can be rooted in spring or early summer. Plant the cuttings in seed-raising mix and keep them moist and warm. In about 4-6 weeks, the cuttings should have developed roots and can be transplanted into individual pots.
Air-Layering
Air-layering is a method that involves creating a wound on a stem, applying rooting hormone, and wrapping it with moist sphagnum moss and plastic wrap. After a few weeks, new roots will develop at the wound site, and the rooted stem can be cut away from the parent plant and potted.
Grafting
Grafting is a technique that involves attaching a scion (top part of a plant) onto a rootstock (lower part of a plant). Royena lycioides Subsp. Guerkei grows well on a variety of rootstocks like R. lucida and R. villosa. Grafting is recommended for propagating rare or hard-to-find cultivars.
Disease and Pest Management for Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei
Royena lycioides subsp. guerkei, commonly known as guerkei, is a relatively hardy plant variety that is resistant to most diseases and pests, making it an ideal choice for gardeners who want a low-maintenance, hassle-free plant. However, despite its overall hardiness, guerkei can be susceptible to a few diseases and pests that can cause damage if not managed promptly and effectively.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that can cause extensive damage to guerkei plants. It first appears as small, sunken spots on leaves and stems, which later develop into larger, dark brown, lesions with distinct margins. Anthracnose can spread quickly, especially in warm, moist weather conditions. To manage this disease, it is advisable to remove and destroy infected plants and avoid overhead watering. In addition, applying fungicides can also help manage the disease.
Leaf spot is another fungal disease that can affect guerkei plants. It is characterized by small, circular, brown spots that occur on the leaves and stems, which often merge to form larger spots. To manage this disease, it is advisable to remove and destroy infected plant debris and avoid overhead watering. In addition, applying fungicides can also help manage the disease.
Common Pests
Spider mites are common pests that can affect guerkei plants, particularly during dry periods. These pests are usually visible as tiny red or brown dots on the underside of leaves, and can cause extensive damage to the plant by sucking out sap. To manage spider mites, it is advisable to apply insecticidal soap or a neem oil-based spray on the affected plant. In addition, maintaining adequate levels of humidity around the plant can also help deter spider mites.
Scale insects are another common pest that can affect guerkei plants. They are usually visible as small, oval-shaped bumps on the leaves and stems, and can cause extensive damage by sucking out sap from the plant. To manage scale insects, it is advisable to apply rubbing alcohol or insecticidal soap on the affected plant. In addition, pruning heavily-infested plant parts can also help manage the pest.
