Origin and Common Names
Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. var. viridis (Gilg) Jongkind, also known as the Green Velvet bush, is a plant native to West and Central Africa. It can be found in countries such as Nigeria, Cameroon, and Gabon.Appearance
The Rourea coccinea var. viridis is a shrub that can grow up to 5 meters in height. It has a dense foliage of soft, velvety leaves that are dark green in color. The plant bears tiny, green flowers that grow in clusters, and turn pink as they mature, adding a pop of color to the foliage. The plant's stem and branches are covered in a dense coating of short, velvety hairs, hence its common name "Green Velvet bush".Uses
Rourea coccinea var. viridis is a plant commonly used in traditional medicine in West and Central Africa. Its leaves and roots are used to treat a variety of ailments such as stomach aches, rheumatism, and fever. The plant's roots are also known for their medicinal properties, particularly in the treatment of malaria. In addition to its medicinal uses, the Rourea coccinea var. viridis is also grown for its ornamental value. Its soft, velvety leaves and pink flowers make it a popular plant for landscaping and home gardens. Furthermore, the plant's dense foliage provides a natural habitat for birds and small animals.Growth Conditions for Rourea coccinea var. viridis
Rourea coccinea var. viridis requires specific growth conditions to thrive. Below are the growth conditions essential for its optimal growth:
Light
Rourea coccinea var. viridis prefers partial shade to full sun exposure to grow well. It requires a minimum of four hours of direct sunlight daily to support photosynthesis.
Temperature
The ideal temperature range for Rourea coccinea var. viridis growth is between 20°C to 30°C. The plant can tolerate high temperatures of up to 35°C. However, growth may be slowed during this period. A temperature drop below 15°C could harm the plant's growth and development.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-drained soils with a pH range of 4.5 to 6.5. Rourea coccinea var. viridis prefers soils that are rich in organic matter and nutrients to support growth and development. The plant cannot withstand waterlogged soils; it may lead to root rot and eventual death of the plant.
Rourea coccinea var. viridis responds well to regular fertilization. Adding compost or manure to the soil at planting and during the growing season is essential for successful growth.
It is crucial to ensure proper watering to maintain constant soil moisture. The frequency of watering depends on the prevailing weather, soil type, and drainage rate. Overwatering can harm the roots, leading to root rot and eventual plant death.
Cultivation
Rourea coccinea var. viridis is a tropical plant that grows well in warm climates and thrives in a well-draining, sandy soil. The ideal location for this plant is partially shaded as it cannot withstand direct sunlight, especially during the afternoon. The plant thrives in warm temperatures ranging from 18-30°C, and it is essential to maintain a consistent temperature in the growing area.
Watering Needs
Watering this plant should be done regularly to maintain its soil moisture, and it is recommended that it is not over-watered. The best approach is to water the plant when the top of the soil is dry. During hot months, the plant should be watered more frequently, but it's crucial to avoid flooding its soil as this may cause rotting.
Fertilization
Regular fertilization is crucial in promoting healthy growth and blooming of Rourea coccinea var. viridis. The plant should be fertilized during the growing period using a balanced slow-release fertilizer. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions on the application and quantity of the fertilizer to avoid over-fertilization, which may lead to salt build-up, causing stress to the plant.
Pruning
Rourea coccinea var. viridis is generally a low maintenance plant, and pruning is not necessary. However, if pruning is required to maintain the desired structure, it is best to do it during the resting period when the plant is not actively growing. The best practice is to remove dead, broken, or diseased branches while shaping the plant as desired.
Propagation of Rourea coccinea var. viridis
Rourea coccinea var. viridis, also known as Green Rourea, can be propagated by seeds or cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
Seeds of Rourea coccinea var. viridis should be collected from ripe fruits. The fruits are usually green and turn red when they are ripe. After collection, the seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for 24 hours. This helps to soften the seed coat and improve germination.
The seeds can then be sowed in a well-drained potting mix. They should be covered with a thin layer of soil and kept moist. Germination usually occurs within 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings have developed their first set of true leaves, they can be transplanted to individual pots.
Propagation by cuttings
Cuttings of Rourea coccinea var. viridis can be taken from mature plants during the growing season. The cuttings should be 10-15 cm long and have at least 2-3 nodes. The lower leaves should be removed, and the cutting should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting.
The cuttings can be planted in a well-drained potting mix and kept moist. They should be placed in a shaded area and protected from direct sunlight. Rooting usually occurs within 2-3 weeks, after which the cuttings can be transplanted to individual pots.
Disease and Pest Management for Rourea coccinea var. viridis
Rourea coccinea var. viridis, also known as the green variant, is a hardy plant that is resistant to most plant diseases and pests. However, in some situations, the plant may still be vulnerable and require treatment. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect R. coccinea var. viridis and ways to manage them:
Chlorosis
Chlorosis is a condition where the leaves of the plant turn yellow due to a lack of nutrients, usually iron or magnesium. R. coccinea var. viridis is susceptible to chlorosis, especially when grown in soils with a high pH or poorly drained soils. To manage chlorosis, apply chelated iron or magnesium supplements to the soil. You can also use fertilizer blends that contain these nutrients. Additionally, transplanting the plant to an area with better soil drainage can also help.
Root Rot
Root rot is a common issue that affects many plant species, including R. coccinea var. viridis. This disease is caused by fungus and bacteria that thrive in wet soil. Overwatering or poor soil drainage can lead to root rot. The best way to prevent this disease is by ensuring proper soil drainage. If your plant is already infected, remove any affected roots and transplant it to a new, well-draining soil. You can also apply fungicides to the soil to kill the causal organisms.
Caterpillars
Caterpillars are the larvae of moth and butterfly species. They can feed on the leaves of R. coccinea var. viridis, causing significant damage. To manage infestations, handpick the caterpillars and dispose of them. You can also use insecticides, but be sure to use them according to the instructions on the label. Avoid spraying the insecticide during flowering to prevent harming pollinators.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are small, slow-moving insects that feed on the sap of plants. They can weaken and harm R. coccinea var. viridis. To manage infestations, use insecticidal soaps, neem oil, or horticultural oils to smother and kill the insects. You can also use sticky traps to attract and catch them. Additionally, increasing airflow around the plant can prevent infestations.
