Overview
Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. var. coccinea is a plant species belonging to the Melastomataceae family. It is an evergreen shrub or small tree that is native to Africa and is commonly found in the tropical and subtropical regions of the continent.
Common names
The plant has several common names in different African regions. In West Africa, it is called Osame, In Cameroun, it is known as Mbomo and in Central Africa, it is dubbed Esobe.
Appearance
The plant can grow up to 8 meters tall and has a woody stem that is roughly textured. Its leaves are glossy, oval-shaped, and measure up to 20 centimeters long. The shrub produces small, white flowers that are arranged in clusters and bloom from May to September. Its fruits are edible, round berries that turn from green to red when ripe.
Uses
Rourea coccinea has several uses in traditional African medicine. Its roots, bark, and leaves are used to treat various ailments, including malaria, fever, and respiratory infections. The plant's fruits are also eaten raw or cooked and are a good source of vitamins and antioxidants. Its wood is used in construction and making household items such as spoons and handles.
Additionally, Rourea coccinea has ornamental value and is sometimes grown as a hedge or as an accent plant in gardens and parks.
Light Requirements
Rourea coccinea typically grows in partially shaded to fully shaded areas in its native habitats, which include tropical forests and woodlands. As a result, the plant prefers a lower light intensity and can tolerate some shade. However, it may still require some direct or indirect sunlight for optimal growth and flowering.
Temperature Requirements
Rourea coccinea thrives in warm and humid environments, with temperatures ranging from 20 to 30°C (68 to 86°F). This plant is not frost-tolerant and should be kept away from frost-prone areas. Temperatures outside of this range may slow down growth or even harm the plant, so it is essential to maintain appropriate temperature conditions.
Soil Requirements
Rourea coccinea prefers well-draining and nutrient-rich soils. A neutral to slightly acidic pH between 6.0 to 7.5 is optimal for this plant. It grows best in soils with high organic matter content, adding compost or manure can improve soil quality. Although it can tolerate dry periods, too much moisture can cause root rot. Therefore, it is recommended to water the plant deeply but infrequently, allowing the soil to dry out partially between waterings.
Cultivation methods
Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. var. coccinea is usually grown from seeds. The seeds should be planted in well-draining soil and kept moist until germination occurs. The ideal temperature range for germination is between 25°C and 30°C.
Once the seedlings have grown, they can be transplanted to their permanent location. Rourea coccinea plants grow well in full sun to partial shade. They prefer moderate temperatures and high humidity.
Watering needs
The Rourea coccinea plant requires regular watering to ensure healthy growth. It is recommended to water the plant deeply once a week, allowing the soil to dry out slightly before the next watering. Overwatering can lead to root rot, so it is essential to ensure proper drainage. During the dry seasons, the plant should be watered more frequently.
Fertilization
Rourea coccinea plants can benefit from regular fertilization. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is recommended. The application of fertilizer should be done every two months during the growing season. Avoid fertilizing during dormancy.
Pruning
Pruning Rourea coccinea plants is not necessary, but it can help to shape the plant. Deadheading the flowers can encourage the plant to produce more blooms and extend the flowering period. Pruning should be done after the plant has finished flowering. Remove any dead or diseased branches, but be careful not to damage the healthy ones.
Propagation of Rourea coccinea (Thonn. ex Schumach.) Benth. var. coccinea
Rourea coccinea is propagated through various means, including seeds, stem cuttings, and air layering.
Propagation through seeds
Seeds of Rourea coccinea can be obtained from the plant's flowers or from mature fruits that have fallen to the ground. The seeds should be separated from the fruits and washed thoroughly to remove any remaining pulp. The seeds can be planted directly in well-drained soil or in germination trays filled with peat moss or a similar medium. The seeds should be covered lightly with soil or the medium and kept moist until they germinate, which typically takes about two weeks.
Propagation through stem cuttings
Rourea coccinea can also be propagated through stem cuttings. The cuttings should be taken from the plant's actively growing stems, which should be soft and flexible. The cuttings should be about six inches long and should include at least two or three leaves. The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone before planting them in well-drained soil or a rooting medium, such as perlite. The cuttings should be kept moist and warm until they root, which usually takes about four to six weeks.
Propagation through air layering
Air layering is a propagation method that involves creating a small wound on a stem of the plant and then covering it with moist soil or a rooting medium, such as sphagnum moss. The stem is then wrapped in plastic to keep the moisture in. Roots will then start to grow from the wound, allowing the plantlet to be removed and potted separately. This method can be used for Rourea coccinea, though it may be more complicated and time-consuming than other methods.
Disease Management
Some common diseases that may affect Rourea coccinea include root rot and leaf spots caused by fungal pathogens such as Fusarium and Phyllosticta. To manage these diseases, consider the following:
- Ensure proper drainage to prevent waterlogged soil
- Avoid overwatering and excessive use of nitrogen fertilizers
- Remove and destroy infected plant parts
- Apply fungicides such as copper-based products as per manufacturer instructions
Pest Management
Rourea coccinea is relatively pest-resistant, but some common pests that may affect the plant include:
- Scale insects
- Spider mites
- Mealybugs
To manage these pests, consider the following:
- Use a spray of water or insecticidal soap to physically remove pests
- Apply insecticides such as neem oil or pyrethrin as per manufacturer instructions
- Introduce natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings
Regularly inspect Rourea coccinea for signs of pest infestation or disease and take prompt action to manage them. A well-maintained plant is less susceptible to pests and disease and will have better overall health and vitality.
