Overview
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms is a small or medium-sized climbing plant in the Fabaceae family. It is primarily found in West and Central Africa, particularly in the tropical regions of Cameroon, Gabon, and Congo.
Common Names
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms has a variety of common names in local communities. In Cameroon, it is known as "Mbongo Mvoula" or "Mvoula a Ngolo," while in Gabon it is called "Kendoen" or "Mvoula."
Appearance
The plant's stem is slender and twines to create a robust twisted shape. The leaves of the plant consist of three constricted leaves, each with a length of approximately 4-9 cm. Moreover, the plant produces flowers that are yellow and have a length of approximately 1-2 cm in the leaf axils.
Uses
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms is highly valued in traditional medicine for its various uses. The roots, stems, and leaves of the plant are used in the treatment of malaria in Gabon. It is also used to alleviate fever and body pain. Additionally, some communities use the plant's leaves as a poultice to treat wounds and rashes.
The plant is also economically essential for local communities as it is used in the production of paints and dyes. The bark is a rich source of tannins and is hence employed in tanning leather. Moreover, the plant is cultivated in home gardens to prevent soil erosion and is also used for ornamental purposes due to its stunning yellow flowers.
Light Requirements
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms typically grows best in full sunlight, however, it can also tolerate partial sun. If it does not receive enough light, it may not flower or fruit as effectively.
Temperature Requirements
The plant thrives in tropical and subtropical conditions, and it is heat-tolerant. The ideal temperature range for Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms is between 20 and 35 °C. When the temperature falls below 10°C, the plant may experience stunted growth and even damage to its foliage.
Soil Requirements
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms requires well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The ideal pH range for its cultivation is between 5.5 and 7.0. The plant does not thrive in saline or waterlogged soil as it can cause root rot or other diseases. A loamy soil with good drainage is the best choice for growing this plant.
Cultivation methods
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms, commonly known as the bushveld pea, is a tropical plant that requires a warm climate to grow well. It can be grown as a cover crop, a forage crop, or as an ornamental plant. The plant prefers well-draining sandy loam soils that are rich in organic matter. It can be propagated from seeds or by stem cuttings.
The plant should be grown in a location that receives full sun, and it should be protected from strong winds that can cause damage to the stem and foliage. The plant can be grown in containers provided the container is placed in a location that receives full sun.
Watering needs
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms requires regular and consistent watering to grow well. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged. During periods of drought, the plant should be watered deeply, and the topsoil should be mulched to conserve soil moisture. When watering, it is best to avoid overhead watering as this can lead to the development of fungal diseases and cause the leaves to yellow and drop prematurely.
Fertilization
The plant responds well to regular fertilization, particularly during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer high in nitrogen is ideal for promoting healthy foliage growth. The fertilizer should be applied every four to six weeks, or as directed by the manufacturer's instructions. During the flowering season, a fertilizer high in phosphorus should be used to promote blooming.
Pruning
Pruning is essential to promote healthy growth and maintain the plant's shape. The bushveld pea can be pruned in the fall or winter when the plant becomes dormant. During this time, the plant can be pruned to the desired shape. Pruning should be done using clean and sharp pruning shears to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms, also known as the "rusty-leaved kidney bean," can be propagated through both sexual and asexual methods. Here are some common propagation methods for this plant:
Seed Propagation
The most common propagation method for Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms is through seeds. The seeds can be collected from mature seed pods that have turned brown and dry. The seeds should be soaked in warm water for 24 hours to soften the seed coat and increase germination rates. After soaking, sow the seeds in a well-draining growing medium, keeping the soil moist until the seedlings emerge.
Cuttings
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms can also be propagated through stem cuttings, although this method is not as reliable as seed propagation. Take cuttings from healthy plants in the spring, making sure each cutting has at least two nodes. Remove the lower leaves and dip the cut end into rooting hormone. Plant the cutting in a well-draining growing medium and keep the soil moist until roots begin to form.
Division
Division is another method of propagating Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms, although it is not commonly used. Divide the plant in the early spring when new growth begins to emerge, making sure each division has roots attached. Plant the divisions in well-draining soil and keep the soil moist until new growth appears.
Air Layering
Air layering is a method of asexual propagation that can be used for Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms. This method involves making a slit in a stem and wrapping it in moist sphagnum moss. Once roots have formed, the rooted section can be cut from the parent plant and planted in well-draining soil.
Disease Management
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms is typically resistant to most pests and diseases. However, the plant may suffer from fungal and bacterial infections if grown under excess moisture. The most common diseases affecting Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms are leaf spot, rust, powdery mildew, and root rot.
To manage leaf spot and rust, remove and discard infected leaves and stems. You can also use fungicides, such as sulfur or copper-based fungicides, as per the manufacturer's instructions. Powdery mildew can be managed by trimming infected leaves and using fungicides. Root rot is a severe condition, and there is no cure for it. Hence, preventative measures such as draining the soil, avoiding overwatering and maintaining proper soil aeration can help prevent root rot.
Pest Management
Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms may attract certain pests such as spider mites, aphids, and thrips. Although these pests do not typically cause significant damage, they can weaken the plant when left unchecked.
For spider mites, you can use neem oil or insecticidal soap sprays. Aphids can be dislodged physically by spraying water onto the foliage or by using insecticidal soap. Thrips can be managed by using sticky traps or insecticidal soap. It is essential to inspect the plants regularly to identify any potential pest issues and minimize their spread.
In conclusion, managing diseases and pests can help keep your Rhynchosia orthobotrya Harms healthy and thriving. Regular inspection, proper watering practices, and the use of appropriate fungicides and insecticides can help prevent pest and disease-related damage to the plant.
