Origin
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood is a deciduous shrub native to North America. It can be found from Ontario and Quebec, west to Manitoba, and south to Georgia and Texas.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the staghorn sumac or velvet sumac due to the hairy texture of its branches and stems. The plant may also be referred to as the snake's food or vinegar tree due to its high acid content.
Uses
The staghorn sumac has many uses, both decorative and medicinal. Its flowers and fruit are often used for teas, spices, and medicinal remedies. In addition, the plant's attractive foliage and unique branching structure make it a popular choice for landscaping and ornamental use.
The plant's wood has been used in the production of dyes, inks, and tannins for leatherworking. It has also been used as a natural insecticide and repellent.
General Appearance
The staghorn sumac is a large shrub or small tree that grows up to 20 feet in height. The plant has a spreading, open habit with multiple trunks that can form a dense thicket over time.
The leaves of the staghorn sumac are deeply divided and resemble a deer's antlers, hence the common name "staghorn". The leaves turn bright red in the fall, providing a beautiful seasonal display.
The plant's flowers bloom in early summer and are followed by distinctive, red, hairy berries that persist throughout the winter.
The staghorn sumac is a hardy plant that is tolerant of a wide range of soil types and growing conditions. It is often found growing along roadsides, in fields, and forests, and is considered an important component of many natural ecosystems.
Light Requirements
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood prefers full sunlight to partial shade. They thrive in areas with plenty of sunlight, as too much shade can stunt growth and reduce the vibrancy of the foliage.
Temperature Requirements
This plant variety is adaptable to a wide range of temperatures. It can survive in temperatures as low as -34C (-30F) and as high as 38C (100F). Although, tolerance of temperature variation differs in different geographic locations of its growth. Higher temperatures are ideal for faster growth but require more water.
Soil Requirements
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood requires well-draining soil to grow successfully. They can grow in almost any type of soil, including sandy, loamy, and rocky soils. Hence, soil type not necessarily an issue. Ideally, the soil should have a pH between 5.5 to 7.5, which is slightly acidic to neutral. If the soil is too acidic, adding some calcium limestone can reduce the acidity.
Waterlogged soil should be avoided as they can be detrimental to the growth of this variety of Rhus typhina. Addition of organic matter, such as peat moss, compost or well-rotted manure, can improve soil quality. They also help retain moisture for a longer period of time, which can be helpful in dryer climates but not necessary.
Cultivation Methods
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood or the Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to 20 feet. It is native to North America and is commonly grown in gardens and parks for its ornamental value, especially in autumn when its foliage turns various shades of red. It prefers full sun to partial shade and can thrive in different soil types, including loam, sand, and clay. To cultivate Cutleaf Staghorn Sumac, you should:
- Choose a site with well-draining soil
- Plant in spring or fall when the soil is moist
- Ensure the hole is two times wider than the root ball to allow roots to spread easily
- Water the plant after planting and regularly until established
- Apply a layer of mulch around the root area to conserve moisture and suppress weed growth
- Provide enough space for the shrub to grow to its full potential, considering its upward and outward growth habit
Watering Needs
Although Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood is drought-tolerant once established, it requires regular watering in the first growing season to establish deep roots. Watering is essential in dry spells, especially during summer, as the plant sheds its roots during extended dry periods. Water the plant deeply, at least once a week, instead of frequent shallow watering. This will encourage deep root growth and make the plant more tolerant of drought in subsequent years. Use enough water to moisten the top 12 inches of soil, where the majority of the roots are located.
Fertilization
For optimum growth and health, Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood requires an annual application of compost or a balanced slow-release fertilizer in early spring. The fertilizer should have an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20. Compost can be spread around the base of the plant and gently worked into the soil surface. For granular fertilizers, sprinkle it around the root zone and water deeply to ensure it penetrates the soil.
Pruning
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood requires minimal pruning to maintain its shape and size. To avoid removing too much of the plant's wood, prune only the youngest shoots that appear from the base or roots. These shoots can become invasive if left unattended. Prune the plant in winter or early spring when it is dormant to avoid removing new growth. Use sharp, clean tools, and cut at a 45-degree angle. Remove any dead, diseased, or damaged wood during pruning.
Propagation of Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood, commonly known as cutleaf staghorn sumac, is a deciduous shrub that is native to North America. The plant is propagated in various ways, including:
Seed Propagation
The easiest way to propagate Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood is by seed. To do this, collect the fruits from the plants at the end of the growing season when they have turned a deep red color. Separate the seeds from the fruit and sow them in a well-drained soil mixture. The seeds should be kept moist but not wet, and should be kept at room temperature until they germinate.
Cuttings Propagation
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood can also be propagated by softwood cuttings taken in late spring or early summer. Cuttings should be taken from the current year's growth and should be approximately 4-6 inches long. Remove the lower leaves and dip the base of the cutting in a rooting hormone powder. Plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mixture, and keep the soil moist and the cutting in a shaded area. Once the cutting has rooted, it can be transplanted to a larger pot or nursery bed.
Layering Propagation
Layering can also be used to propagate Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood. This is done by bending a low branch down to the ground and covering a small section of the stem with soil. Keep the soil moist, and the stem will begin to grow roots. Once the roots have formed, cut the stem from the parent plant and transplant it to its permanent location.
Disease and Pest Management for Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood
Rhus typhina L. var. laciniata Wood, commonly known as staghorn sumac, is a deciduous shrub that is native to eastern North America. While the plant is hardy and relatively easy to grow, it can be susceptible to a few diseases and pests that can affect its growth and health. Below are some of the most common diseases and pests that affect staghorn sumac and suggestions for their management.
Diseases
Leaf spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that can cause leaf yellowing, browning, and dropping. It thrives in humid conditions and can be prevented by ensuring proper air circulation and avoiding overhead watering. Infected leaves should be removed and destroyed, and a fungicide can be applied to prevent further spread.
Powdery mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that results in a white powdery coating on the leaves. It can slow plant growth and reduce vigor. This disease can be controlled by pruning to increase air circulation, avoiding overhead watering, and applying a fungicide.
Verticillium wilt: Verticillium wilt is a fungal disease that affects the plant’s vascular system, eventually leading to wilting, yellowing leaves, and stem dieback. This disease spreads through infected soil, so prevention is key. Rotate crops every three to four years and avoid planting sumac in soil that may harbor the fungus. There is no cure for this disease, so infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent spread.
Pests
Scale insects: Scale insects are small, oval insects that can accumulate on stems and leaves, causing leaf yellowing and eventual dieback. To control them, pruning heavily infested plant parts and using horticultural oil or insecticidal soap can be effective.
Japanese beetles: Japanese beetles feed on the leaves of the plant, leaving behind small holes and skeletonizing the foliage. Handpicking and using insecticidal sprays can control the pest. Planting companion plants such as geraniums, rue, and tansy can also deter Japanese beetles.
Leafhoppers: Leafhoppers are small, jumping insects that feed on plant sap, causing yellowing leaves and stunted growth. They can be controlled by spraying with insecticidal soap or using reflective mulch, which repels the pests.
By using proper prevention and treatment methods, staghorn sumac can be protected from diseases and pests that may harm its growth and development. Make sure to quickly address any potential issues to keep the plant healthy and thriving.
