Introduction:
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) is a hybrid of the sumac family (Anacardiaceae). It is a deciduous shrub with a highly ornamental appearance, making it a great option for gardens and landscaping.
Origin:
Rhus ×pulvinata is believed to be a hybrid of R. aromatica and R. glabra, and was first discovered by botanist Edward Lee Greene. It is native to western North America, where it can be found from California to British Columbia.
Common Names:
The common names for Rhus ×pulvinata include cushion sumac and littleleaf sumac.
Appearance:
Rhus ×pulvinata is a dense, bushy shrub that can grow up to 6 feet tall and wide. It has a mounding growth habit, with branches that spread outward from the base. The leaves are small, about 1 inch long and oval-shaped, with a glossy green appearance in the spring and summer. In the fall, the leaves turn a brilliant orange or red color. The shrub produces tiny yellow flowers in the summer, followed by small red berries in the fall that provide food for birds.
Uses:
Rhus ×pulvinata is commonly used in landscaping and as a garden ornamental due to its unique appearance. It is also a popular choice for erosion control and slope stabilization projects, as it has an extensive root system that helps to anchor soil. Additionally, the berries of Rhus ×pulvinata are edible and are sometimes used to make jelly or other sweet treats. However, it is important to note that some species of the sumac family contain urushiol, a compound that can cause skin irritation, so proper precautions should be taken when handling the plant.
Growth Conditions for Rhus ×pulvinata Greene
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene is a small shrub that grows in rocky, mountainous areas. It is typically found at elevations between 4,000 and 7,000 feet and is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico.
Light Requirements
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene requires full sun to grow. It cannot tolerate shade or partial shade, so it is important to plant it in a location that gets at least six hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene can withstand a wide range of temperatures, but it is most commonly found in areas with hot, dry summers and cold, snowy winters. It can tolerate temperatures down to -20°F and can survive in USDA hardiness zones 5 through 9.
Soil Requirements
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene prefers well-draining, sandy or rocky soil. It cannot tolerate heavy, clay soil or soil that retains water. The plant also requires soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. It is important to ensure that the soil is not too fertile, as excessive nutrients can cause the plant to grow too quickly and become weak.
Cultivation
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) is a deciduous shrub that can grow up to five feet in height and six feet in width. It is a hybrid species that is native to the southwestern United States, including California, Oregon, and Nevada, and Mexico. The plant thrives in dry and sunny locations with well-drained soil. It can be planted in either full sun or partial shade and is often used in xeriscaping. It is also tolerant of various soil types, including clay, loam, and sandy soils.
Watering Needs
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) is a drought-tolerant plant. It can survive with infrequent watering once established. However, it is essential to water the plant regularly during the first year of growth to help it establish a deep root system. After that, it is recommended to provide water only as needed, particularly during extended dry periods. Overwatering can lead to root rot and other diseases.
Fertilization
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) does not require frequent fertilization. It can thrive in nutrient-poor soils. However, adding organic matter to the soil can help improve soil quality and enhance the plant's growth. It is recommended to add compost or well-rotted manure to the soil before planting. Additionally, occasional light applications of a balanced fertilizer during the growing season can help promote flowering and fruit production.
Pruning
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) can be pruned to maintain its shape and size. The best time to prune the plant is during the late winter or early spring before new growth appears. The plant can be cut back by up to one-third of its overall size. Dead or damaged branches can be removed at any time of the year. It is essential to wear gloves when handling the plant's stems and leaves as they can cause skin irritation and allergic reactions.
Propagation of Rhus ×pulvinata Greene
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene (pro sp.) or the velvet sumac is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. This plant can be propagated through several methods.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating velvet sumac is through seeds. Collect the seeds in the fall and store them in a cool, dry location for the winter. In the spring, sow the seeds in a well-draining soil mixture and keep them moist. Cover the container with a plastic bag until the seedlings emerge.
Cuttings Propagation
Another method of propagating velvet sumac is by cuttings. Collect the cuttings during the plant's dormant stage, usually in the winter. The cuttings should be about six inches long and should include a healthy section of stem and a few leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in a well-draining soil mixture. Cover the container with a plastic bag to maintain humidity until the cuttings root.
Sucker Propagation
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene can also be propagated through suckers. These are the new shoots that emerge from the plant's root system. In the spring or fall, dig up the sucker shoots and plant them in a well-draining soil mixture. Keep them moist and in partial shade until they become established.
Disease Management
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene is generally a healthy plant but can be susceptible to various diseases. Some common diseases that can affect this plant are:
- Leaf spot
- Crown rot
- Powdery mildew
To manage these diseases, it is essential to keep the plant healthy by providing adequate sunlight, moisture, and nutrients. Additionally, it is recommended to remove any diseased leaves or plant parts and destroy them immediately to prevent the spread of the disease. Fungicides such as copper-based ones can be used to manage powdery mildew and leaf spot. In the case of crown rot, it is recommended to remove the entire infected plant and avoid planting anything in the same spot for a while.
Pest Management
Rhus ×pulvinata Greene is also vulnerable to pests that can cause significant damage to the plant. Some common pests that can affect this plant are:
- Aphids
- Spider mites
- Caterpillars
To manage these pests, it is recommended to use natural methods such as introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which can feed on aphids and mites. Spraying neem oil or insecticidal soap can also be effective against these pests. In the case of caterpillars, handpicking them off the plant or applying Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) can be useful. Additionally, it is essential to keep the plant healthy and free of any stress as a healthy plant is less susceptible to pest infestations.
