Origin:
Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis, commonly known as Natal guarri, is a species native to Southern and Eastern Africa. The plant is predominantly found in forests, savannas, and woodlands and is adapted to a wide range of altitudes from sea level to over 1800 meters.
Common Names:
The Natal guarri is known by many common names, which include African sumac, African staghorn, Natal red cap, and Red berry. The name Natal guarri is derived from the region where the plant is commonly found.
Uses:
The Natal guarri has been used for various purposes for years. The bark and leaves contain tannins, which have been traditionally used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and fever. The fruit has also been used to make a refreshing drink. The leaves and branches are used as animal feed, and the plant is known to attract birds. The tree is also used for erosion control and as a shade tree.
General Appearance:
The Natal guarri is a medium-sized, evergreen or semi-deciduous tree that can reach up to 12 meters in height. The tree has a rounded, spreading, and dense crown with a short trunk that is thick and gnarled at the base. The leaves are compound, with three leaflets, and are alternately arranged along the stems. The leaflets are oval, dark green, and glossy. The tree produces clusters of small, white or cream-colored flowers that are borne on short stalks. The flowers are followed by small, round, bright red berries that attract birds.
Light Requirements
Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis is a deciduous tree that thrives in full sun or partially shaded areas. It requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight daily to grow and develop properly. In shaded environments, the plant's growth may be stunted, and its overall health may suffer.
Temperature Requirements
R. natalensis var. natalensis is well adapted to warm and hot climates, with temperatures ranging from 16°C to 38°C. These plants can survive in areas with temperatures as high as 50°C for short periods. However, the plant is susceptible to frost and should not be planted in areas where temperatures regularly drop below freezing.
Soil Requirements
The plant requires well-drained soils with good water retention capability. The soil should be loamy, rich in organic matter, and slightly acidic, with a pH range of 6 to 6.5. They can tolerate soils with a pH as low as 5.5 and as high as 7.5. The ideal soil texture for R. natalensis var. natalensis is a sandy loam that is neither too dense nor too coarse. Although the plant can tolerate dry soil conditions, regular watering is necessary for optimal growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
The Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis is a versatile plant that can grow in a wide range of conditions. It is a drought-tolerant plant that can grow in both sandy and loamy soils. The plant requires well-drained soil and full sun exposure to thrive. It is recommended to plant the seedlings during the early spring or late winter to ensure that the plant is established before the hot and dry summer months.
Watering Needs
The Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis is a drought-resistant plant that can survive with very little water. During the first few weeks after planting, the seedlings require sufficient moisture to establish their root systems. After the plant is established, the plant requires minimal watering. Overwatering the plant can lead to root rot and affect its growth. It is recommended to water the plant deeply once a week during the growing season.
Fertilization
The Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis requires minimal fertilization, especially if planted in fertile soils. If the soil lacks essential nutrients, it is recommended to apply a balanced fertilizer during the early spring before new growth emerges. Avoid applying too much fertilizer as this can lead to excessive growth, weak stems, and damage to the plant.
Pruning
The Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis requires minimal pruning. It is recommended to remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches or stems during the dormant season. The plant has a natural open form and does not require intricate pruning to maintain its shape. However, if necessary, the plant can be pruned to control its size and shape. Prune the plant during the dormant season to promote healthy growth and prevent damage to the plant.
Propagation Methods for Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis
Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis, commonly known as the Natal red stem, is a plant species native to South African countries. Propagation of the plant can be done through different methods such as seed propagation, hardwood cuttings, and root cuttings.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is the most common method for Rhus natalensis, and it is best used for large-scale multiplication. Seeds are extracted from a ripe fruit, cleaned, and soaked in warm water overnight. Afterward, the seeds can be planted in a seedling tray filled with a well-draining medium. The tray should be kept under partial shade and moist conditions until the seedlings sprout.
Hardwood cuttings
Another propagation method for Rhus natalensis is hardwood cuttings. This method is recommended during the plant's dormant stage, which falls between autumn and winter. Hardwood cuttings from the current year's growth are taken and treated with a rooting hormone. Then, the cuttings are planted in a well-draining medium and kept under shade, moist conditions until the roots have developed.
Root cuttings
Rhus natalensis can also be propagated through root cuttings. This method involves digging up the plant, and then roots are removed and cut into sections. The root cuttings are planted into a well-draining medium and kept under shade, moist conditions until new shoots emerge.
Disease Management
Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis is relatively resistant to many diseases, but some fungal and bacterial infections may still occur. Here are some common diseases that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
- Leaf Spot: This is a common foliar disease that causes small, circular spots on the leaves. It can be managed by removing the infected leaves and spraying a fungicide such as copper-based solutions.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease can cover the plant with a white, powdery substance and weaken it. To manage it, remove infected leaves and increase air circulation around the plant.
- Crown Gall: This bacterial disease causes swollen, corky galls on the stem and roots. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the bacteria to healthy plants.
Pest Management
Rhus natalensis Bernh. ex Krauss var. natalensis is also relatively resistant to pests, but some common insects and mites might still affect it. Here are some pests that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
- Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects feed on sap and can cause curling and yellowing of the leaves. They can be managed by spraying the plant with insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider Mites: These tiny arachnids can cause yellowing and stippling of the leaves. They can be managed by increasing humidity around the plant and spraying it with insecticidal soap.
- Thrips: These insects can cause deformed leaves and flower buds. They can be managed by removing infected parts of the plant and using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
