Origin
Rhizocarpon superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. boreale Runem., commonly known as the northern yellow lichen, is a species of lichen that belong to the genus Rhizocarpon. It is widely distributed in North America and Europe and can be found growing on various substrates such as rocks, soil, and tree bark.
Common Names
The northern yellow lichen does not have many common names, but it is also known as the superficial yellow lichen, as well as the crustose lichen.
Uses
Rhizocarpon superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. boreale Runem. does not have any known uses in medicine or other industries. However, it plays a significant ecological role as a primary producer in many ecosystems. It is also an indicator of environmental pollution since it is sensitive to changes in air quality, making it useful for monitoring air pollution levels.
General Appearance
The northern yellow lichen is a crustose lichen that forms small, yellowish, and circular patches that grow slowly. The patches can range from 0.5 to 3 cm in diameter and have a smooth surface. The color ranges from yellow to orange-yellow, and sometimes the thallus can have a bright yellow border. The apothecia are relatively small, with diameters between 0.1 and 0.5 mm, and they are often flat or slightly convex-shaped, with a yellow or orange disc. The thallus of this lichen is composed of a symbiotic association of green algae and fungi. The algae provide food through photosynthesis, and the fungus provides protection and support for the algal cells.
Light Requirements
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. is a crustose lichen species that typically grows in areas with moderate to high levels of light. It can tolerate full sunlight but prefers partial shade. In heavily shaded areas, the growth rate may be slower than in areas with optimal light levels.
Temperature Requirements
This lichen species grows best in cool to cold temperatures. It can withstand extremely cold temperatures and is found in regions with long and cold winters. The ideal temperature range for growth is between 5 to 15 °C, and the lichen can survive temperatures as low as -60 °C.
Soil Requirements
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. grows on a variety of substrates, including rocks, gravels, and soil. It is most commonly found on stable, calcareous surfaces such as limestone, dolomite, and calcareous sandstone. The soil where this lichen species grows is typically well-drained, with low to moderate nutrient levels. High levels of nitrogen can hinder the growth of this lichen species.
Cultivation methods for Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. is commonly found growing in rocky environments in alpine and arctic regions. To cultivate this plant, you will need to mimic these conditions as closely as possible. The first step is to select a suitable location. The plant should be grown in an area with well-draining soil that is rich in minerals and low in organic matter. The ideal pH for Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. is slightly acidic to neutral (pH 6.0 to 7.0).
Next, prepare the soil by mixing in some sand, gravel, and crushed rock to improve drainage and create a rocky environment. You can plant the Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. directly into the soil, or you can grow it in a container filled with a mixture of soil and sand or gravel.
Watering needs of Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. is a relatively drought-tolerant plant, but it still requires regular watering to thrive. The plant prefers to be kept slightly moist but not waterlogged.
It is important to avoid over-watering as this can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases. To ensure that your plant is getting the right amount of water, you can use a moisture meter or stick your finger into the soil to check for moisture.
Fertilization for Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. does not require regular fertilization. The plant is adapted to grow in nutrient-poor soils and is capable of surviving without additional fertilization.
However, if you notice that your plant is not growing as vigorously as you would like, you can supplement its nutrient intake with a mild, all-purpose fertilizer. Be sure to follow the manufacturer's instructions regarding dosage and application.
Pruning of Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale ssp. boreale Runem. does not require regular pruning. The plant grows slowly and maintains its shape well on its own.
If you notice any dead or damaged branches, you can prune them off with a pair of sterile garden shears. Be sure to sterilize your tools between each cut to prevent the spread of disease.
Additionally, if your plant becomes too large for its designated space, you can trim it back. However, be sure to do so in moderation to avoid damaging the plant.
Propagation of Rhizocarpon superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. boreale Runem.
Propagation of Rhizocarpon superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. boreale Runem. is usually achieved through vegetative reproduction.
Fragmentation
Fragmentation is the most common method of propagation for Rhizocarpon superficiale. This method involves breaking off a fragment of the lichen thallus and allowing the fragment to form a new growth.
In order for fragmentation to be successful, the fragment must be large enough to contain both fungal and algal components of the lichen. It should also be placed in a location with suitable environmental conditions for growth.
Soredia production
Rhizocarpon superficiale can also reproduce through the production of soredia. Soredia are small structures consisting of both fungal and algal cells. These structures are dispersed by wind and can grow into new thalli if they land on a suitable substrate.
Soredia production requires favorable environmental conditions such as moderate temperatures and moisture levels to facilitate their development. Once mature, soredia are dispersed by wind and can be transported over large distances.
Ascospore germination
The rarest method of propagation for Rhizocarpon superficiale is through the germination of ascospores. This method occurs when the lichen produces sexual reproductive structures known as apothecia. These structures release ascospores which can then germinate to form new thalli.
The propagation of Rhizocarpon superficiale through ascospore germination is largely unpredictable and often unreliable. In order for this method to be effective, specific environmental conditions such as moisture, temperature and light intensity must be met.
Disease Management for Rhizocarpon Superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. Boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale is a crustose lichen that is resistant to many plant diseases. However, it can still be affected by some diseases such as lichenicolous fungi. Lichenicolous fungi are fungi that live on the surface of the lichen and cause damage to the host plant. To manage lichenicolous fungi or other diseases, the best way is to prevent stress to the host plant and maintain optimal growing conditions. This can be done by providing adequate light, water, nutrients, and avoiding physical damage to the lichen. In severe cases, the use of fungicides may be necessary, but it is always recommended to seek advice from a professional.
Pest Management for Rhizocarpon Superficiale (Schaerer) Vainio ssp. Boreale Runem.
Rhizocarpon superficiale is also relatively resistant to pests, but some pests may still infest it. Common pests that may affect the plant include mites, scale insects, and aphids. These pests can cause damage to the lichen by feeding on its tissues, leaving scars, and reducing its vitality. The best way to manage pests is by early detection and physical removal of the infested areas. This can be done by gently removing the lichen thallus affected by pests. Spraying the area with insecticidal soaps or oils can also be effective against some pests. However, it is always advisable to seek professional advice before using any chemical treatment to avoid harming the lichen or the environment.
