Description of Rhamnus Globosus Plant
Rhamnus Globosus is a deciduous shrub that belongs to the Rhamnaceae family. It is also known as the African buckthorn or mobola plum, thriving in the tropical and subtropical parts of Africa.
General Appearance
The Rhamnus Globosus is an upright shrub that grows up to 10 meters high, though it is commonly between 3 to 6 meters tall. The plant has multiple stems, with each stem adorned with greenish-brown bark. The young branches of the Rhamnus Globosus are covered with soft, hairy fuzz that disappears as the stem ages. The shrub has alternate, simple leaves that are around 70 x 40 mm, and they have a glossy, green upper surface, unlike the lower surface that has hair on its veins. The plant holds small, whitish-yellow flowers containing four petals and is notable for its fruit, which resembles a plum.
Uses
Several communities in Africa use the Rhamnus Globosus plant for various purposes. The fruit of the plant is edible and has a juicy, sweet and tart flavor, making it a popular choice for jams and juices. Medicinally, the fruit is used for treating constipation and dysentery. The bark and roots are boiled and consumed to relieve fever and headaches. The plant also has a cosmetic value, as its powder can be used for soothing skin rashes, sores, and insect bites.
In addition, the Rhamnus Globosus plant has a wide range of commercial uses. Its hard, yellow wood is favored for making tool handles, cartwheels, and furniture. The plant is also suited for erosion control in its native environment.
Light requirements:
Rhamnus globosus typically grows in full sun, but can tolerate some shade. It requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day to grow and develop properly.
Temperature requirements:
This plant thrives in warm to hot temperatures, ranging from 20°C to 40°C (68°F to 104°F). It cannot tolerate frost, and temperatures below 10°C (50°F) can significantly hamper its growth.
Soil requirements:
Rhamnus globosus grows well in various soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils, as long as the soil is well-drained. It prefers soil with a pH range between 5.5 and 8.0. Adding organic matter to the soil when planting can encourage proper growth and development.
Cultivation Methods
Rhamnus Globosus is a hardy plant that is suitable for cultivation in almost any soil type. The plant prefers a well-draining, slightly acidic soil and is best grown in a sunny position in the garden. For optimal growth, it is recommended to plant the Rhamnus Globosus in spring or early autumn.
Watering Needs
During the first year of growth, it is important to keep the soil around the Rhamnus Globosus moist. Once the plant is established, it is relatively drought-resistant and can survive on natural rainfall. However, during prolonged dry spells, it is recommended to water the plant once or twice a week.
Fertilization
It is advisable to fertilize Rhamnus Globosus during the growing season to encourage healthy growth and vigorous foliage. A slow-release fertilizer can be applied in spring, and a balanced liquid fertilizer can be added fortnightly in summer.
Pruning
Rhamnus Globosus typically grows into a compact bushy shape. However, any branches that become damaged or diseased should be pruned away immediately. It is recommended to prune the plant in late winter or early spring by reducing the previous year's growth by one-third to promote healthy new growth.
Propagation of Rhamnus globosus
Rhamnus globosus is a shrub that is indigenous to South Africa, particularly in the Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces. Apart from its aesthetic value, the plant is considered valuable due to its medicinal properties and its ability to support biodiversity by serving as a habitat for different species.
Propagation methods
The propagation of Rhamnus globosus can be done using different methods, including:
Seed propagation
Seeds are collected from mature plants during autumn or spring and should be cleaned before storage. The seeds can be planted in nursery beds that are well-drained and prepared with compost-enriched soil. Sow the seeds about 1 cm deep and water regularly. The seeds will usually germinate within six weeks, and the seedlings can be transplanted to individual pots when they have two true leaves.
Cuttings
Softwood, semi-hardwood, and hardwood cuttings can be used to propagate Rhamnus globosus. Branches of about 10cm long with no flowers or fruits are cut, and the lower leaves are removed. The cutting is dipped in a rooting hormone before being planted in well-drained soil. The pots should be placed in a shaded area, and the soil should be kept moist. The cuttings will usually root within a few weeks, and they can be transplanted to individual pots when they are well-established.
Suckers
Rhamnus globosus produces suckers from the base of the plant, which can be detached and replanted using the same principles as stem cuttings. The suckers should be selected from healthy plants and planted in well-prepared soil that is enriched with compost. The plants should be watered regularly and kept in a shaded area until they are well-established.
Regardless of the propagation method used, Rhamnus globosus requires adequate watering and nutrition for optimal growth. Once the plants have established themselves, they can be transplanted to their permanent site in the garden.
Disease Management
Rhamnus globosus is susceptible to various fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, rust, and anthracnose. These diseases can severely impact the health and growth of the plant.
To manage powdery mildew, avoid overhead watering and ensure proper air circulation around the plant. Additionally, prune infected areas and apply a fungicide as recommended.
Rust can be controlled by removing infected leaves and disposing of them properly. Applying a copper-based fungicide can also be effective in controlling the spread of the disease.
Anthracnose can be managed by practicing good sanitation methods such as removing any infected plant debris. Additionally, applying a fungicide can help prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
Several pests can attack Rhamnus globosus, including spider mites, scales, and aphids. These pests can cause damage to the leaves and stem of the plant.
To manage spider mites, use a strong blast of water to dislodge them from the plant. You can also apply an insecticidal soap or oil to control their population.
Scales can be removed by hand or with a soft brush. Insecticidal sprays can also be applied, but care should be taken to avoid damaging the plant.
Aphids can be managed by introducing natural predators such as ladybugs or lacewings to the area. You can also apply a soapy water solution to the leaves to deter their population.
