Overview:
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum (Gilg) Tiegh., commonly known as African Cowpea or Qundeel, is a plant species from the Leguminosae family. The plant is native to Sub-Saharan Africa and is primarily found in Tanzania and Mozambique. It is known for its medicinal and culinary uses.
Appearance:
The Rhabdophyllum acutissimum is an erect or scrambling herb, growing up to 3 m tall. The plant has a woody stem with alternate trifoliate leaves. Each leaflet is ovate, measuring 7-12 cm long and 5-9 cm wide, with a sharp tip and a smooth margin. The flowers are yellow, and the pods are elongated, covered in hairs and contain up to 12 seeds.
Medicinal Uses:
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum is traditionally used by local communities in Africa to treat various diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, and fever. The roots of the plant have been used as a remedy for stomach aches and diarrhea, while the leaves and the bark are used as a poultice to treat wounds and skin disorders.
Culinary Uses:
The seeds of Rhabdophyllum acutissimum, also known as cowpeas, are a vital source of protein in African cuisine. Cowpeas can be cooked and consumed whole or ground into flour and used to make cakes, soups, and stews. The leaves of the plant are also edible and can be used to make a nourishing vegetable dish.
Light Requirements
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum grows best in bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some morning or evening sun, but direct afternoon sun can be too intense and cause damage to the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant prefers warm temperatures ranging from 18-25°C (64-77°F). It does not tolerate temperatures below 16°C (60°F), which can cause the leaves to become yellow and drop off. High temperatures above 30°C (86°F) can also be harmful to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum grows best in well-draining soil that is slightly acidic to neutral with a pH range of 6.0-7.0. The soil should also be rich in organic matter, such as compost or peat moss, to help retain moisture. Avoid planting in heavy clay soils, or soils that are prone to waterlogging.
Cultivation Methods
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum, commonly known as the African False Ebony, is a semi-deciduous shrub that grows up to six meters high. It is an easy plant to grow that thrives in well-drained soils, full sun or partial shade, and moderate to high humidity. The plant's ideal temperature range is between 15 to 30°Celsius. Rhabdophyllum acutissimum can be propagated from seed or cuttings.
Watering Needs
The African False Ebony requires moderate watering ranging from 50 to 100mm per week during the growing season. Water the plant thoroughly, allowing the soil to drain before the next watering. In dry periods, increase the frequency of watering to prevent the soil from becoming too dry. In contrast, during the rainy season, reduce the amount of water to avoid waterlogging.
Fertilization
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum requires regular fertilization to thrive. Use a slow-release nitrogen-based fertilizer, applied every four to six months, depending on the plant's growth rate. Apply the fertilizer in small quantities around the plant base, avoiding the leaves and stem's direct contact. Always water the plant after fertilization to prevent salt buildup and root burn.
Pruning
Pruning the African False Ebony encourages bushier growth, removes dead and diseased branches, and enhances the plant's aesthetics. Prune at the beginning of the growth season, mainly during late winter or early spring. Cut the stem just above a side shoot to encourage new growth. Avoid pruning during the middle or towards the end of the growing season as this may result in the loss of some flowers and seeds.
Propagation of Rhabdophyllum acutissimum
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum (Gilg) Tiegh., commonly known as the Sharp-leaved Rhabdophyllum, is a rare, but sought-after plant that is mostly propagated through seeds in the wild. However, there are a few other methods of propagation that are commonly used in nurseries and by gardeners. Let's learn about these propagation methods:
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is the most natural and easiest method to propagate Rhabdophyllum acutissimum. Collect ripe berries when they are mature. The seeds need to be washed and cleaned before sowing. Use sterile soil mix, well-draining and supplemented with peat moss. Spread out the seeds evenly and press them lightly into the soil. Cover the seeds lightly with the potting mix to prevent them from direct light to germinate.
Keep the soil mix moist, but not overly wet and avoid waterlogging. Rhabdophyllum acutissimum seeds generally germinate within 90 days of sowing and require a warm temperature to grow. Once the seedlings reach about two inches in height, you can transplant them into individual pots with the same potting mix. Allow the plant to reach maturity, which takes around four to six years before they can flower.
Stem Cuttings Propagation
Rhabdophyllum acutissimum can be propagated from stem cuttings with the use of rooting hormone. It's best to take cuttings during the growing season when the plant produces lush green stems. Select cuttings that are about four to six inches long, with a minimum of three leaves on the stem. Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem, leaving the leaves at the tip.
Take a clean, sharp knife to make an angled cut at the base of the stem, making sure that there are no jagged edges. Then dip the end of the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant in a soilless mix. Lightly mist the pot, cover with a clear plastic bag, and place it in a bright, warm spot. Roots should emerge within six to eight weeks.
Once you see new growth and root formation from the cutting, you can gradually remove the plastic bag and keep the pot in a shaded area. Transplant the new plant into a bigger pot with a well-draining soil mix or straight into the ground when it’s big enough to handle.
Disease and Pest Management for Rhabdophyllum acutissimum (Gilg) Tiegh.
Like all plants, Rhabdophyllum acutissimum is vulnerable to disease and pest attacks. Here are some common issues that might affect the plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases:
Anthracnose: This disease is caused by fungal pathogens that attack leaves and stems of the plant, causing dark brown or black spots on the surfaces. To manage it, remove the infected parts of the plant and dispose of them. You can also use copper-based fungicides to prevent further spread.
Root rot: This disease is caused by overwatering and poor drainage, resulting in the rotting of the roots. To manage it, improve the soil drainage and avoid overwatering. Remove the infected roots and apply fungicides to prevent further spread.
Pests:
Thrips: These insects are small and slender and feed on the leaves and flowers of the plant, causing damage and deformation. To manage them, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the population. You can also introduce natural predators like lacewings and ladybugs.
Spider mites: These pests are tiny and difficult to detect but cause significant damage by sucking the sap from the leaves of the plant. To manage them, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control the population. You can also introduce natural predators like ladybugs and predatory mites.
By following these disease and pest management strategies, you can help ensure the health and vitality of your Rhabdophyllum acutissimum plant.
