Overview
Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. is a species of foliose lichen belonging to the family Ramalinaceae. It is commonly known as the "hairy lichen" and is commonly found in temperate regions around the world.
Origin
Ramalina intermedia is widely distributed in the temperate regions of the world. It can be found in Europe, North America, and Asia, particularly in regions with high levels of air pollution where other species of lichens may not survive.
Common Names
Aside from the "hairy lichen," Ramalina intermedia has other common names such as the "silky ramalina" and the "ramalina lichen."
General Appearance
The Ramalina intermedia plant has a foliose habit, with its branches forming flat, leaf-like structures. It has a light gray or greenish color, sometimes with a hint of yellowish tint. The branches of the plant can grow up to 10 cm in length. The plant's surface is covered with dense, fine, and silky hairs which may or may not be branched. Furthermore, the plant has isidia, small, cylindrical outgrowths, on its surface. Ramalina intermedia does not have any distinct fruiting bodies, but it reproduces through vegetative means.
Uses
Some cultures have used Ramalina intermedia for medicinal purposes such as treating coughs, respiratory infections, and digestive problems. The lichen has also been used for dyeing fabric, producing brownish-yellow, and greenish-yellow hues.
Light Requirements
Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. commonly grows in semi-shaded to shaded areas. It does not thrive in direct sunlight as it may cause excessive drying out of the plant. It also prefers areas with diffused light or filtered light.
Temperature Requirements
The temperature requirements of Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. vary based on the regions it is found in. It is a cold-loving plant and has been found to grow in areas with temperatures ranging from -30°C to 35°C. However, optimal growth is observed in regions with temperatures ranging from 10°C to 25°C.
Soil Requirements
Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. is a lichen and does not necessarily require soil to grow. It is an epiphytic lichen and typically found growing on the bark of trees. It requires a substrate that is stable and does not swing violently with the wind. The bark's crevices or rough surfaces provide stable substrates for optimal growth.
Cultivation of Ramalina intermedia
The Ramalina intermedia is a lichen that grows on trees, rocks, and bare ground. The best way to cultivate it is by using small fragments of its thallus. Select a tree or rock that is suitable for hosting the lichen and scrape a small piece of its thallus from a previously grown lichen there. The fragment should be as small as possible.
Place the fragment in a damp, shady location where it can be protected from strong winds, sunlight, and heavy rain. A preferred location is where it can get some morning sunlight and plenty of moisture.
Watering Needs of Ramalina intermedia
The Ramalina intermedia requires constant hydration to thrive. Therefore, mist the lichen occasionally during dry periods to keep its surface moist. Avoid using municipal tap water, which may contain harmful ions such as chlorine or fluorine that can harm the lichen. Instead, use clean rainwater or distilled water to hydrate the lichen.
Fertilization of Ramalina intermedia
The Ramalina intermedia is a self-sufficient lichen that can produce its food using its photosynthetic cells and symbiotic association with algae or cyanobacteria. Therefore, it does not require fertilization.
Pruning of Ramalina intermedia
Unlike other plants, Ramalina intermedia does not require pruning. The thallus will grow naturally and form an irregular, branching structure that adapts to its habitat and surroundings.
Propagation of Ramalina intermedia
Propagation of Ramalina intermedia is not a common practice as it is a lichen and propagation through seeds, cuttings, or division is not possible.
The method of reproduction in lichens involves the joining of fungal and algal partners resulting in the formation of a new lichen. This process occurs naturally in the environment. The fungal partner produces spores which join with suitable algal cells resulting in the formation of new thalli.
The dispersal of these spores is primarily by the wind, with some also carried by water and animals. The spores are opportunistic and require specific environmental conditions to initiate the partnership required for lichen growth. Ramalina intermedia prefers the bark of deciduous trees and is often found in woodland areas which provide the ideal conditions for its growth and reproduction.
Disease and Pest Management for Ramalina intermedia
Ramalina intermedia is a foliose lichen that can be found on tree bark, rocks, and soil surfaces. While it is relatively hardy, it can still be affected by certain diseases and pests. Here are some common issues to be aware of, along with suggestions for management.
Diseases
Lichen spot disease: This is a common fungal disease that causes brown or black spots to appear on the lichen. Infected areas may become necrotic and die. To manage lichen spot disease, remove any infected areas and dispose of them properly. Avoid overhead watering and maintain good air circulation.
Algae overgrowth: When mosses and algae grow on the lichen, they can inhibit its growth and cause it to become discolored. To manage algae overgrowth, prune any overhanging plants or trees that might be blocking sunlight. You can also scrape off the algae with a plastic tool or stiff brush.
Pests
Slugs and snails: These pests can be attracted to the moist, shady areas where Ramalina intermedia grows. They feed on the lichen, which can lead to disfigurement and death. To manage slugs and snails, use physical barriers like copper tape or mesh to keep them away from the lichen. You can also handpick them off the plants.
Spider mites: These small pests can cause yellowing and browning of the lichen, as well as webbing. To manage spider mites, use organic insecticidal soap or neem oil, making sure to thoroughly coat the lichen and any nearby plants. You can also introduce predatory insects like ladybugs to the area.
By being attentive to any signs of disease or pest infestation, and utilizing the appropriate management techniques, you can help ensure that Ramalina intermedia remains healthy and vibrant.
