Overview: Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. This species is commonly known as the "Bush Karila" or "Ng’á’ndo" in its native geographical area. This species is endemic to East Africa and is typically found growing in the wild within the high altitude grasslands and rocky slopes of Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda.
Appearance
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is a perennial herb that grows up to 80 cm tall. The plant produces numerous stems that grow erect or sometimes spreading. The stems are woody at the base, and the plants are covered by small, stiff, and thin leaves that have rough edges.
The large size of the leaves is the most remarkable feature of this species. The leaves are simple, broadly ovate, and are up to 20 cm long and 8 cm wide. They are covered in soft white tomentum on both the upper and lower surfaces, and their edges curl upward.
The inflorescence of the plant is a terminal head with yellow disc flowers that bloom from November to January.
Uses
The Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard plant is utilized for both medicinal and culinary purposes. The plant’s root is used in traditional medicine to treat coughs, colds, fever, malaria, and respiratory ailments. The leaves are also used to treat skin rashes and as a general purgative.
In addition to its medicinal properties, the plant is used as a flavoring agent in the preparation of traditional dishes such as matoke, a dish made from mashed green bananas, and ugali, a staple dish made from maize flour in East Africa. The leaves and stems are also used as fodder for livestock in Kenya.
Light Requirements
The plant Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard typically grows well in areas with high light intensity. The plant requires a minimum of six hours of direct sunlight daily. However, it can be grown in areas with lower light intensity as long as it is provided with artificial lighting.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers a cool climate and cannot tolerate extreme temperatures. The average temperature range for optimal growth should be between 10°C - 25°C. During the winter season, it can tolerate temperatures up to 2°C. However, the plant cannot survive at temperatures above 30°C, and high humidity can lead to fungal diseases.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows best in well-drained soils with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. It is also essential that the soil is rich in organic nutrients and has good water retention capacity. The plant cannot tolerate waterlogged or poorly drained soils, as it can lead to the development of root rot. One can add compost to improve soil fertility since the plant's roots do not penetrate deeply into the soil.
Cultivation of Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is a perennial plant that belongs to the family Asteraceae. It is native to East Africa and is easy to cultivate in a greenhouse or garden setting.
Watering Needs
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard needs a regular watering schedule. The soil should be moist, but not waterlogged. To avoid waterlogging, ensure that the pot has good drainage. During hot and dry weather, the plant needs more water, but be careful not to overwater.
Fertilization
Fertilize Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Avoid overfertilizing as it can lead to leggy growth and poor flowering.
Pruning
Pruning Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is necessary to maintain its shape and size. Prune the plant after flowering to remove dead flowers and shape it. During the growing season, pinch back overgrown stems to promote bushy growth.
Propagation Methods of Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is a beautiful plant that can be propagated both by seeds and cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The process of propagating Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard using seeds is quite simple. Collect the ripe seeds either by hand or by using a rake in late summer or early fall, as the seed capsules start to turn brown. Then, remove the seeds and allow them to dry in a cool and dry place for 2-3 days.
Sow the seeds in a seed tray filled with well-drained potting soil, and water them thoroughly. Cover the tray with a plastic sheet to maintain moisture and place it in a warm and bright area, like a greenhouse or a sunny windowsill. The seeds will usually germinate within two weeks.
Once the seedlings have developed two to three true leaves, transplant them into individual pots filled with a good quality potting mix and grow them in a well-lit area with good air circulation. Regularly water them and keep the soil moist but not soggy, and fertilize them with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Another way to propagate Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is by taking stem cuttings from the mature plants. This method is usually preferred as it produces plants that are identical to the parent plant.
To propagate using cuttings, take tip cuttings of about 4-6 inches in length from the parent plant, making sure to cut just below a node. Then, strip off the lower leaves, leaving only two to three leaves at the top.
Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a pot filled with well-drained potting mix. Water the cutting and cover the pot with a transparent plastic bag to maintain humidity. Place the pot in a warm and bright area, but not in direct sunlight. After about 3-4 weeks, the cutting should start to develop roots and new leaves. Once the cutting has developed strong roots, transplant it to a permanent pot or garden bed.
With proper care, both the seedlings and cuttings will grow into healthy and beautiful Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard plants that will enhance the beauty of any garden or indoor space.
Disease Management
Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is generally considered a hardy plant that is not very susceptible to diseases. However, there are still a few diseases that may affect it.
Crown and Root Rot: This disease is caused by several soil-borne fungi such as Phytophthora and Pythium. The symptoms include wilting and yellowing of the leaves, and stunted growth. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering and ensure proper drainage. Fungicides may also be effective in controlling the disease.
Powdery Mildew: This disease is caused by a fungus that produces a white powdery coating on the leaves. The symptoms include distorted and yellowing leaves. To manage powdery mildew, maintain good air circulation around the plant, avoid overhead watering, and prune affected leaves. Fungicides may also be effective in controlling the disease.
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is caused by fungi that create small circular or irregularly shaped brown or yellow spots on leaves. In severe cases, leaves may fall off. To manage leaf spot, remove affected leaves and avoid overhead watering to keep moisture levels low. Fungicides may also be effective in controlling the disease.
Pest Management
While Pycnocoma macrophylla Benth. var. longicornuta J.Léonard is relatively pest-resistant, there are a few pests that may cause problems:
Aphids: These small insects are often found feeding on young leaves and can cause wilting and deformation. To control aphids, use a strong jet of water to dislodge them or use insecticidal soap.
Spider Mites: These tiny insects are barely visible to the naked eye and can cause yellowing leaves and webbing between branches. To control spider mites, wash the plant regularly with a strong jet of water and use insecticidal soap.
Scale Insects: These insects are small and often go unnoticed until they begin to cause yellowing leaves and sticky residue on plants. To control scale insects, use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove them or use insecticidal soap.
In all cases, it's important to keep a close eye on your plants and inspect them regularly for any signs of pests or diseases. Addressing any issues promptly can help prevent serious infestations and keep your plants healthy.
