General Appearance
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis is a perennial plant belonging to the Asteraceae family commonly known as Somali Fleabane. The plant can grow up to a height of 1.5 m with branching stems that bear numerous small yellow flowers. The leaves are pinnatifid with distinctive pointed teeth on the edges.
Origin and Distribution
This variety of Pulicaria somalensis is native to Somalia, East Africa, where it grows in a variety of environments ranging from sea level to 1300 m altitude. The plant is also found in Djibouti, Ethiopia, and Kenya, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
Common Names
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis is commonly known as Somali Fleabane in English. In Somalia, it is known by several names such as "Geedarguduud" and "Geed Siiggaan". In the Afar language of Djibouti, it is called "Ereta".
Uses
The plant is highly valued in traditional medicine as a remedy for various ailments, including digestive issues, respiratory disorders, and skin conditions. The leaves and stems are boiled to prepare an infusion that is used to treat stomach aches and diarrhea. The plant's essential oils are used to relieve coughs and colds and for general respiratory support. In Somalia, the plant is also used to treat wounds and burns.
In addition to its medicinal value, Pulicaria somalensis is used for soil conservation and rehabilitation, particularly in areas prone to erosion. The plant's deep roots help to stabilize soil and prevent erosion, while the leaves and stems provide a cover that reduces the impact of raindrops on the soil surface.
Light Requirements
The Pulicaria somalensis subsp. somalensis prefers bright sunlight and can tolerate partial shade. It thrives in locations where it can get at least 6 hours of direct sunlight each day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant grows well in warm to hot temperatures with daytime temperatures ranging from 25-35°C (77-95°F) and nighttime temperatures ranging from 15-25°C (59-77°F). The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F), but frost can be detrimental to its growth.
Soil Requirements
The plant grows well in well-drained soils that are slightly alkaline with a pH range of 7.2-8.2. It prefers soils with a high sand content and can grow in rocky or sandy soils that are not too heavy. The plant is tolerant of salinity, making it well-suited to coastal conditions.
Cultivation
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis can be propagated through seeds or cuttings. The plant prefers well-draining soil with a neutral to alkaline pH and full sunlight. It can also tolerate semi-shade, but the flowering may be affected. The suitable temperature range for growing this plant is between 15°C to 35°C.
Watering Needs
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis prefers moderate watering. Over-watering can lead to root rot, which can be fatal. It is essential to allow the soil to dry partially before the next watering. In the growing season, water the plant once a week, and in the dormant season, reduce the watering to once every two weeks.
Fertilization
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis does not require excessive fertilization. Fertilize the plant once every three weeks with a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. In the dormant season, withhold fertilization. Do not apply the fertilizer directly to the leaves or roots.
Pruning
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis does not require regular pruning. However, removing the dead flowers can encourage the growth of new flowers. Prune back the plant every few years to control the size and growth. Prune the plant during the dormant season to avoid damage to the new growth. Cut the stems to half of their height or as desired.
Propagation of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis
The propagation of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis can be achieved through either seeds or stem cuttings.
Propagation by seeds
The seeds of Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis can be sown directly in the spring, after the last frost, in a well-draining soil mix. It is recommended to sterilize the soil mix before sowing to prevent the growth of pathogens.
The seeds should be sown shallowly, around a quarter of an inch deep, and covered lightly with soil. Regular watering and fertilization should be provided to the seedlings as they grow. Once the seedlings have grown to about two inches tall, they can be transplanted into their individual pots or into the desired location in the garden.
Propagation by stem cuttings
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis can also be propagated through stem cuttings taken in the early spring before new growth emerges. Healthy stems with no flowers should be selected and cut to a length of about four inches. The lower leaves of the cutting should be removed, leaving only a few leaves on the top.
The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and then planted in a well-draining soil mix. The pot should be covered with a plastic bag to create humidity and prevent moisture loss. After a few weeks, roots should start to form, and the bag can then be removed. Once the cuttings have grown to about two inches tall, they can be transplanted into their individual pots or into the desired location in the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis
Pulicaria somalensis O.Hoffm. subsp. somalensis, commonly known as the Somali Fleabane, is a perennial herb that is a member of the sunflower family. As with most plants, Pulicaria somalensis is prone to various diseases and pest infections that can harm its growth and productivity. Below are some of the common diseases and pests that affect Pulicaria somalensis and suggested measures for their control.
Diseases
1. Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease is quite common in Pulicaria somalensis and is identifiable by the white powdery growth on the leaves and stems. It causes stunted growth and reduces the plant's vigor. To control this disease, apply fungicides containing sulfur or potassium bicarbonate.
2. Rust: Rust appears as yellow/red spots on the leaves and stems. It is a fungal disease that can cause defoliation and can severely affect plant development. Apply fungicides containing copper or sulfur to prevent its spread.
3. Leaf Spot: Leaf spots appear as dark brown or black lesions on the leaves, and they can spread quickly throughout the plant. It is a bacterial or fungal disease. To control the spread, remove and destroy the infected leaves and apply fungicides containing copper or sulfur.
Pests
1. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that are hard to detect. They can cause discoloration, leaf drop, and eventually, plant death. To overcome this pest, remove and destroy the infected leaves. You can also apply insecticides containing imidacloprid.
2. Aphids: Aphids are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant. Heavy infestations will cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves. To control aphids, spray the plant with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
3. Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larval stage of butterflies and moths that can be a severe pest in Pulicaria somalensis. They cause extensive damage to the plant by feeding on the leaves. Use Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticide to control them.
Regular monitoring of the plant will help you detect any of these diseases or pests at an early stage. This will allow you to take prompt measures to manage them before they cause significant damage to the plant.
