Overview of Pterocarpus bussei Harms
Pterocarpus bussei Harms is a species of tree in the Fabaceae family, commonly known as African padauk, Musuemwood, African coralwood, African padauk, Papao Kafo, and Senegal padauk.
Origin and Distribution
The tree is native to the tropical regions of West Africa, in countries like Cameroon, Senegal, and Sierra Leone. It can be found growing in the wild, as well as being cultivated for its valuable timber.
General Appearance
The Pterocarpus bussei tree is a large and tall tree, growing up to 50 meters in height, with a straight trunk that can reach a diameter of up to 2 meters. The bark of the tree is grey and rough, with deep fissures and furrows. The leaves are dark green and alternate, with a unique shape of a tapir's snout, and can grow up to 20 cm long.
The flowers of the Pterocarpus bussei are usually red or orange, and they bloom in clusters. The tree produces fruit in the form of long, flat pods that are about 15-20 cm long, containing seeds that are surrounded by a papery wing.
Uses of Pterocarpus bussei
The wood of the Pterocarpus bussei tree is highly valued for its durability, beautiful reddish-brown color, and resistance to insects and decay. It is commonly used to make furniture, flooring, veneer, cabinetry, and musical instruments.
Additionally, different parts of the tree have been used in traditional medicine in Africa, including the bark, leaves, and seeds. They are believed to have medicinal properties to treat a variety of ailments, such as fever, diarrhea, toothache, and skin diseases.
Overall, the Pterocarpus bussei tree is an important and versatile plant, valued for both its aesthetic and practical uses.
Light Requirements
Pterocarpus bussei Harms is a sun-loving plant that thrives in bright light conditions. It requires at least six hours of direct sunlight each day to grow and flourish. The plant may become lanky or leggy if it does not receive enough sunlight, causing it to have a weak structure and reduced foliage.
Temperature Requirements
The plant Pterocarpus bussei Harms prefers a warm and humid tropical climate. It grows well in temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C (68°F to 86°F). This plant can tolerate some cooler temperatures and even temperatures that range between 15°C and 18°C (59°F to 64°F), but it doesn’t do well at temperatures below 10°C (50°F).
Soil Requirements
The plant Pterocarpus bussei Harms requires well-draining soil with a slightly acidic pH of between 6.0 to 6.5. It grows well in loamy soils that are rich in organic matter and have good water holding capacity. In its natural habitat, the plant is often found growing in sandy and rocky soils. This plant is vulnerable to root rot, so it is essential to avoid waterlogging the soil.
Cultivation Methods
Pterocarpus bussei Harms, also known as African teak or mututi, is a deciduous tree that typically grows in tropical and subtropical regions. If you want to cultivate this plant, it is essential you live in a warm environment with high humidity that mimics its natural habitat. Plant Pterocarpus bussei Harms in well-draining soil with a pH of 6.0 to 7.0.
African teak planted in a shaded area needs trimming of surrounding undergrowth as it does not perform well in the shade. Leave a distance of at least 20 feet between each tree when planting as the root system is deep and invasive.
Watering Needs
Pterocarpus bussei Harms needs adequate water for good growth and development. Watering from the onset of planting aids the accumulation of reserves and improves the tree's growth and development. Be careful not to overwater the tree, as excessive moisture in the soil can lead to root rot. The plant requires watering at least once a week, depending on the weather condition.
Fertilization
African teak is a heavy feeder, so it needs fertilization with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium to grow well. Fertilize it 2 to 3 times per year with a balanced fertilizer, preferably a 10-10-10 type. Apply a slow-release fertilizer to the soil in the autumn and winter when the plant is dormant.
Another way of fertilizing is by adding organic materials to the soil, such as manure or compost. This helps to improve soil structure, water retention, and nutrient delivery to the plant's roots.
Pruning
Pruning is important to maintain the shape of the tree and get rid of diseased and damaged parts, which can compromise its health. Prune sparingly, as Pterocarpus bussei Harms does not tolerate heavy pruning. A little pruning should be done during the late winter or early spring to avoid risking the new growth.
Remove broken or diseased branches, maintain a clear central leader, and prune for natural shaping. Also, prune any suckers that come up from the base of the tree or from the roots.
Propagation of Pterocarpus bussei Harms
Pterocarpus bussei Harms, commonly known as African padauk or mbel, is a tropical tree species that is native to West and Central Africa. The tree is extensively used for its high-quality timber, which is used to make furniture, flooring, and musical instruments. Propagation of Pterocarpus bussei Harms can be done through the following methods:
Seed propagation
Propagation of Pterocarpus bussei Harms can be done using its seeds. The seeds are easily available and can be collected from mature trees during the fruiting season. The collected seeds should be cleaned and soaked in water for 24 hours to soften the hard seed coat. After that, the seeds should be sowed in a well-drained nursery bed, covered with a thin layer of soil and manure. The seeds should be watered regularly, and germination occurs within 2-3 weeks. The seedlings should be regularly transplanted into larger containers until they are big enough to be planted in the field.
Asexual propagation
Pterocarpus bussei Harms can also be propagated asexually, mainly through stem cuttings and budding or grafting. Stem cutting propagation involves taking cuttings from a mature tree and planting them in a rooting medium that is kept moist. The cuttings are kept in shade and root formation occurs within 4-6 weeks. The rooted cuttings are then transplanted into pots or a nursery bed before planting in the field. Budding or grafting involves taking a bud or a scion from a mature tree and grafting it to a seedling. Budding or grafting is a more advanced propagation method that requires specialized skills and expertise.
Disease and Pest Management for Pterocarpus bussei Harms Plant
Pterocarpus bussei Harms plant is commonly affected by various diseases and pests. Efficient methods of disease and pest management must be executed to maximize yield and ensure plant vigor. Below are some common diseases and pests that might affect the Pterocarpus bussei Harms plant and suggested ways to manage them:
Common Diseases that Might Affect Pterocarpus bussei Harms Plant
Fungal Leaf Spot: This disease is mainly caused by Cercospora sp. and affects the leaves of the Pterocarpus bussei Harms plant. It is easily recognizable through the appearance of small spots with yellow borders surrounded by brownish rings. To manage this disease, remove all affected leaves and use a fungicide.
Anthracnose: This disease is caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and affects the leaves and stems of the Pterocarpus bussei Harms plant, leading to gradual death of the plant. Infected plant organs tend to change color and drop prematurely. To manage this disease, prune all affected parts and burn them. Use copper-based fungicides to prevent further spread.
Root Rot: Phytophthora sp. is the main cause of root rot and is prevalent in damp soil. Yellowing, wilting, and drying of the leaves are visible symptoms. To prevent this disease, ensure moderate watering and avoid overcrowding of plants. The use of fungicide drenching might help manage root rot. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent further spread of the disease.
Common Pests that Affect Pterocarpus bussei Harms Plant
Spider Mites: These pests suck plant sap from leaves and cause a yellow speckling appearance. Early signs of spider mites include the formation of a fine web around affected parts. To prevent this pest, keep the area around the plant clean. Eliminate weeds and other debris that foster spider mite growth. Use insecticides like pyrethroids to minimize damage from spider mites.
Scale Insects: Scale insects lodge on plant stems and leaves, sucking sap and weakening the plant. A common sign of infestation is sticky honeydew usually visible on the leaves and the presence of sooty mold. To prevent scale insects, prune and destroy affected parts, and eliminate ants that might spread them. Use horticultural oil to manage scale insects.
Termites: Termites feed on plant roots, causing wilting and stunted growth. The buildup of soil against the plant base also attracts termites. To manage termites, eliminate all wood that rests on the ground around the plant, and treat the soil with insecticides. Avoid excess watering that moistens the soil as it might also attract termites.
