Description of Psydrax livida (Hiern) Bridson
Psydrax livida (Hiern) Bridson, also known as the "shrubby sandalwood" or "pink sandalwood," is a medium-sized tree or shrub that belongs to the Rubiaceae family. It is commonly found in tropical regions, particularly in the African countries of Cameroon, Angola, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Appearance
The shrubby sandalwood typically grows up to a height of 10 meters and has a spread of 8 meters. Its leaves are simple, oblong, and glossy, measuring about 8-20 cm long and 2.5-6 cm wide. The plant's trunk is smooth and has a light-grey to brown color, while its bark exfoliates in thin flakes, revealing a pinkish or pale yellowish layer underneath. Its flowers are small, white or cream-colored, and are borne in clusters at the ends of the branches. Its fruits are spherical and fleshy, measuring about 1 cm in diameter and turning blackish when ripe.
Uses
The shrubby sandalwood has a variety of uses due to its diverse properties. Its wood is prized for its aromatic scent and is used to manufacture furniture, utensils, and traditional musical instruments such as xylophones. The plant's leaves and bark are used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments, including stomach pain, fever, and respiratory infections. The fruits, on the other hand, are edible and are used to make jam and jelly. Overall, the shrubby sandalwood is a valuable resource for many communities in Africa.
Light Requirements
The Psydrax livida thrives in areas that receive bright and indirect sunlight. Although it can survive under partial shade, it is best to avoid direct sunlight, especially during the hot summer months.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for Psydrax livida growth is between 18 and 24 degrees Celsius. The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 12 degrees Celsius but cannot withstand frost. In regions with cold winters, it is advisable to grow the plant indoors or in a greenhouse to protect it from the harsh outdoor conditions.
Soil Requirements
Psydrax livida prefers well-draining soils that are rich in humus and organic matter. The ideal pH range for this plant is between 5.5 and 6.5. It is best to avoid heavy clay soils as they retain too much water and can lead to root rot. A good soil mix for Psydrax livida is one that consists of equal parts of garden soil, compost, and sand.
Cultivation of Psydrax livida
Psydrax livida, also known as Heteromorpha arborescens, is a small evergreen tree or a shrub native to Tanzania, Kenya, and Uganda. It thrives in tropical and subtropical climates and requires full sun or partial shade to grow. When cultivating Psydrax livida, it is essential to follow the following tips:
- Choose a well-draining soil with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5
- Grow Psydrax livida in a container or outdoors in the garden
- Plant in the early spring or fall when temperatures are cool
- Space the plants 3-4 feet apart if planting outdoors
Watering Needs of Psydrax livida
Psydrax livida requires moderate watering levels. Water the plant once a week or when the topsoil is dry to the touch.
In hotter months or drier climates, Psydrax livida will require more frequent watering.
It is crucial not to over-water as this will lead to root rot, which can cause the plant to die. Instead, it is better to underwater this plant than over-water it.
Fertilization of Psydrax livida
Fertilizing Psydrax livida helps it grow and maintain its green foliage. Feed it with a well-balanced fertilizer, rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, every spring and again in mid-summer. It is also essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions on the label.
Overfertilizing Psydrax livida can lead to a build-up of salts in the soil, which can burn the plant's roots and cause the foliage to turn yellow. Thus, it is vital to maintain the proper dosage and frequency of fertilizer application.
Pruning Psydrax livida
Psydrax livida is relatively low maintenance and requires minimal pruning. The best time to prune the plant is immediately after the blooming season to shape it or remove any damaged or dead branches.
Deadhead faded flowers to encourage more blooms and remove any crossing or overcrowded branches that compete for nutrients in the soil.
Propagation of Psydrax livida (Hiern) Bridson
Psydrax livida (Hiern) Bridson is a beautiful evergreen shrub that is native to Madagascar and can grow up to 5 meters in height. The plant is also known as the "Malagasy boxwood" and is commonly used as an ornamental plant for landscaping, hedges, and borders. Propagating Psydrax livida can be done through several methods, including seed propagation, stem cuttings, and layering.
Seed Propagation
The most common method to propagate Psydrax livida is through seed propagation. The seeds can be collected from mature fruits and should be sown in a well-draining potting mix at a depth of 1 cm. Water the seeds and place the container in a warm location with bright, indirect light. The seeds will usually germinate within 3 to 4 weeks. Once the seedlings have emerged, they can be transplanted into individual pots and grown until they are large enough to be planted in the ground.
Stem Cuttings
Psydrax livida can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Select a healthy stem that is about 5 to 7 cm long and does not have any flowers or fruits. The stem should be cut just below a node, and all the leaves should be removed except for the top two. Dip the cut end of the stem in rooting hormone powder and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. The cutting should be watered and placed in a warm, bright location. The stem cutting will usually root within 4 to 6 weeks.
Layering
Another method to propagate Psydrax livida is through layering. Choose a low branch of the plant and make a small incision in the bark. Bend the branch down and secure it to the ground using a U-shaped wire or a brick. Cover the incision with soil, leaving only the tip of the branch exposed. Water the layering regularly and new roots will develop from the incision. Once the roots are well-established, the new plant can be separated from the parent plant and transplanted into a new location.
Overall, Psydrax livida is a relatively easy plant to propagate. Whether by seed propagation, stem cuttings, or layering, you will surely be able to expand your own collection of these beautiful shrubs.
Disease Management
Psydrax livida is relatively resistant to most diseases if it is grown in optimal conditions. However, some diseases might affect the plant and reduce its overall health, growth, and development.
Anthracnose is a common fungal disease that affects the leaves, stems, and fruits of the plant. The symptoms include small, circular, water-soaked spots that enlarge and turn dark brown or black, surrounded by yellow halos. To manage this disease, remove and destroy all the infected plant parts immediately. You can also apply copper-based fungicides as a preventive measure.
Root rot is caused by waterlogged soil, which leads to the development of fungi. The symptoms are wilting, yellowing of leaves, and stunted growth. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil has good drainage, water the plant moderately, and avoid over-fertilizing.
Pest Management
Psydrax livida is not affected by a lot of pests. However, some pests might infest the plant and cause significant damage if not managed on time.
Scale insects are common pests that affect this plant. These insects are small, oval-shaped, and often form colonies on the stems and leaves. They suck the sap out of the plant, causing the leaves to turn yellow and fall off. To control scale insects, you can use a soft brush to remove them manually, or use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
Caterpillars are also common pests that feed on the leaves of the plant, causing them to develop holes and patches. To manage caterpillars, you can use handpicking or apply Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) to kill them.
Spider mites are common pests that thrive in hot and dry conditions. They suck the sap out of the plant, causing the leaves to develop yellow spots and eventually dry out. To manage spider mites, you can spray the plant with water to remove them, or use insecticidal soap or neem oil to kill them.
