Description of Psychotria megistosticta var. megistosticta
Psychotria megistosticta var. megistosticta is a rare evergreen shrub species that belongs in the Rubiaceae family. It is mostly found in the tropical rainforests of Central Africa, particularly Cameroon and Gabon.
Common Names
The plant commonly goes by the name "Bekoe" in the locality of Cameroon.
Appearance
The plant appears as a small-to-medium-sized shrub with leaves measuring around 5 to 8 cm long. It grows up to 1.5 to 2 meters tall with densely packed branches. The bark of the shrub is dark brown and hard, with its young branches appearing greenish-brown. Its leaves are dark green, oval in shape, glossy, and have prominent veins underneath. The plant flowers appear around June to September with white and pinkish flowers blooming collectively in a round head. The fruit of the plant appears as bright red berry balls that are slightly covered in fine hairs.
Uses
The infusion of the leaves, barks and roots are taken as drugs to treat diarrhea, fever and coughs, and also used as a tonic. The plant has also been found to exhibit analgesic effects when tested. Local people sometimes use it as a decorative plant in their gardens, and it is also believed to have spiritual significance among some communities.
Despite its therapeutic significance, the plant is threatened with extinction due to deforestation, over-exploitation, and habitat fragmentation. Therefore it has been listed as “Vulnerable” by International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)
Growth Conditions for Psychotria Megistosticta (S.Moore) E.M.A.Petit var. Megistosticta
Psychotria Megistosticta (S.Moore) E.M.A.Petit var. Megistosticta is a tropical plant species that is native to Central and South America. The plant thrives in warm and humid conditions, with minimal fluctuations in temperature and water availability.
Light Requirements
The plant requires a good amount of shade but can also tolerate some direct sunlight. It thrives in moderate to low light environments. Direct sunlight can lead to the scorched leaves of the plant. Therefore, it is preferable to grow the plant beneath canopy cover, where dappled light can penetrate.
Temperature and Humidity
Psychotria Megistosticta (S.Moore) E.M.A.Petit var. Megistosticta prefers temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C. Temperatures above 35°C or below 15°C can cause stress and adversely affect the plant's growth. The plant requires humidity to thrive, with optimum relative humidity levels ranging from 70% to 90%. It is important to avoid extreme fluctuations in humidity levels, which can cause stress to the plant.
Soil requirements
Psychotria Megistosticta (S.Moore) E.M.A.Petit var. Megistosticta grows well in well-drained soils, high in organic matter, and acidic in nature. The soil pH range should be between 4.5 to 5.5. A recommended potting mix for the plant consists of organic matter mixed with coco-peats, perlite, and charcoal. This potting mix ensures adequate drainage, aeration, and nutrient availability to the plant. Furthermore, it is preferable to keep the soil moist, but not waterlogged, as the plant prefers moderate and consistent moisture levels.
Cultivation methods for Psychotria megistosticta
Psychotria megistosticta is a species of plant that grows naturally in subtropical and tropical rainforests. It can be grown successfully in the home garden or greenhouse provided the right conditions are met. To begin cultivation, propagation from cuttings or seeds is recommended. The plant prefers well-draining soil with a pH of 5.5 to 6.5 and requires bright, indirect light.
Watering needs for Psychotria megistosticta
Psychotria megistosticta requires consistent moisture but is also susceptible to root rot. It is advised to water the plant thoroughly but allow the soil to dry slightly before the next watering. During the warmer months, regular misting or a humidifier may be beneficial to maintain optimal moisture levels.
Fertilization for Psychotria megistosticta
Psychotria megistosticta is a fast-growing plant and requires regular fertilization to support healthy growth. A balanced fertilizer or a fertilizer with higher nitrogen content is recommended. During the growing season, fertilize the plant every two weeks, reducing frequency to once a month during the winter months.
Pruning for Psychotria megistosticta
Pruning of Psychotria megistosticta can be done to control the plant's size and promote bushing. It's best to prune in the early spring before the growing season is in full swing. Focus on removing any dead or diseased branches and thinning out crowded growth. Cutting back the tips of new growth can also encourage bushy growth and prevent leggy appearance.
Propagating Psychotria Megistosticta
Psychotria megistosticta (S.Moore) E.M.A.Petit var. megistosticta, commonly known as the Red Banana Plant, is a tropical plant that is native to the African continent. It is commonly propagated through vegetative methods, including stem cuttings and division.
Stem Cutting Propagation
To propagate Psychotria megistosticta using stem cuttings, select a healthy stem from the plant, ensuring that it is free from diseases or pests. Using a disinfected and sharp pair of scissors or pruning shears, cut a 6-inch segment from the stem, making sure to include at least two to three leaves.
Remove the leaves from the lower part of the stem, leaving only the top leaves intact. Dip the cut end of the stem in a rooting hormone that contains auxin, which promotes root growth, and then plant the cutting in a well-draining soil mixture.
Water the cutting thoroughly and keep it in a warm and humid environment, preferably under a plastic bag or in a greenhouse. In about 2 to 3 weeks, the cutting will start developing roots, and in about 4 to 6 weeks, it will be ready for transplanting.
Division Propagation
Another way to propagate Psychotria megistosticta is through division. This method involves separating an established plant into multiple pieces, each containing roots and shoots.
Start by carefully removing the parent plant from its pot or garden bed. Gently shake off the soil around the roots and separate them into individual clumps. Ensure that each clump contains a healthy shoot and an adequate root system.
Plant the clumps in separate pots or garden beds, ensuring that they are well-watered and kept in a warm and humid environment. The new plants will develop roots and shoots, and in a few months, will be ready for transplanting.
Disease management
Psychotria megistosticta is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, it may occasionally become prone to attack by various fungal and bacterial infections.
Fungal infections: Fusarium wilt and leaf spot are prevalent fungal infections that can affect P. megistosticta. To prevent these infections from taking hold, it is essential to maintain adequate air circulation around the plant and avoid wetting the foliage during watering.
Remove any infected leaves as soon as they appear and dispose of them appropriately. If the infection persists despite these measures, apply a fungicide that is safe for use on the plant.
Bacterial infections: Pseudomonas leaf spot, xanthomonas blight, and bacterial wilt may occur on P. megistosticta. Prune and destroy any diseased parts of the plant and ensure that the growing environment is dry and well-ventilated.
If these measures do not improve the situation, using antibacterial agents can be considered. However, these should be used with caution because they can kill beneficial microorganisms along with the harmful ones.
Pest management
Several pests can infest Psychotria megistosticta, including:
Spider mites: They are often the most common pests that may affect P. megistosticta, particularly in indoor plants. Use a fine mist of water to rinse the leaves, or use insecticidal soap or a horticultural oil spray to eradicate them.
Mealybugs: These pests suck the plant's sap, causing stunted growth and yellowing leaves. Use a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol to remove them from the foliage or apply insecticidal soap that is safe for the plant.
Aphids: These pests feed on the plant's sap and leave a sticky honeydew on the foliage. Use a blast of water to dislodge them from the plant or apply insecticidal soap that targets aphids.
Scale insects: These pests can cause leaf drop and yellowing of foliage and should be treated with insecticidal soap or horticultural oil.
Regular monitoring of the plant can help to identify the onset of pest infestation before they become severe. Additionally, avoid over-fertilizing the plant, which can attract pests.
