Origin:
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh., commonly known as the Cancer Bush, is a member of the Fabaceae family. It is native to southern Africa and can be found in countries such as Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Botswana, and South Africa.
Common Names:
Psoralea caffra is commonly known as Cancer Bush, Gansies, Wild Coffee, and Slangbos in Southern Africa.
Uses:
For centuries Psoralea caffra has been utilized for multiple medicinal purposes. It is well-known for its cancer-fighting properties, but it has also been used to ward off snakes and treat various respiratory conditions such as tuberculosis, asthma, and bronchitis. The plant has been used as an alternative remedy for minor cuts, bruises, and skin irritations while also being ingested for digestive issues. As Cancer Bush is rich in antioxidants and contains several furocoumarins, it is also used for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. It has also been used in traditional ceremonies and rituals in Southern Africa.
General Appearance:
Psoralea caffra typically grows as a small compact shrub, with a height of up to 3 meters. The plant's leaves are dark green, and it produces small pink or purple flowers during its blooming season between December and April. The Cancer Bush prefers to grow in full sunlight and well-drained soils and is highly resistant to drought.
Light Requirements
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. thrives in full sun to partial shade. It can tolerate some shade but may not grow as vigorously or produce as many flowers compared to plants growing under full sun. It is best to plant Psoralea caffra in a location that receives at least six hours of direct sunlight each day.
Temperature Requirements
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. is native to South Africa and is accustomed to warm temperatures. It grows best in areas with mild to hot temperatures, ranging from 18°C to 35°C. This plant can tolerate cold temperatures but may be damaged by frost. In areas with cold winters, it may be best to grow Psoralea caffra as an annual plant.
Soil Requirements
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. prefers well-draining soil that is fertile and nutrient-rich. It grows best in soil that is slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. This plant can tolerate various soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soil. However, it does not perform well in waterlogged or poorly-draining soil. It is essential to ensure that the soil is adequately prepared by adding compost or other organic matter before planting Psoralea caffra.
Cultivation Methods
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. is a shrub that grows up to 3 meters tall. It is native to southern Africa and can be cultivated in different regions of the world. To cultivate this plant, you need to obtain high-quality seeds or cuttings from a reliable source. The best time to plant this shrub is during the spring season, and it prefers well-drained soils and partial to full sun exposure.
Watering Needs
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. requires moderate watering. During the growing season, you need to maintain consistent moisture in the soil, but avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot. Ensure that the soil is well-draining, as waterlogged soil can damage the plant's roots and cause it to die.
Fertilization
To promote healthy growth and development, Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. requires fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season, ideally a slow-release fertilizer that releases the nutrients slowly over time. Avoid overfertilizing, as this can lead to excessive growth and poor flowering. Consult with a professional or the fertilizer instructions for the correct application and amount.
Pruning
Pruning is essential in promoting bushy growth and attractive form of Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. You can prune the plant after flowering to remove any dead or damaged branches. Additionally, you can shape the plant by selectively pruning the tips of the branches or trimming the shrub's overall shape. Use clean, sharp shears to avoid damaging the plant and spreading disease.
Propagation of Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh.
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. is a perennial plant, endemic to southern Africa. Propagation of the plant can be done by the following methods:
Seed Propagation:
The most common method of propagating Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. is through seed propagation. Collect mature seeds from the healthy mother plant during the flowering or fruiting season. Allow the pods to dry, and then crush them to remove the seeds. Sow the seeds in a mixture of well-draining soil and compost, and keep the soil moist. Germination usually takes around three to four weeks.
Cutting Propagation:
Propagation of Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. can also be done through cuttings. Take semi-hardwood cuttings during the growing season, and remove the leaves from the bottom half of the cutting. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant the cutting in well-drained soil. Keep the soil moist, and place the cutting in a warm, brightly lit spot. Roots will usually develop within four to six weeks.
Division Propagation:
Division propagation is a less frequently used method for propagating Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. To propagate by division, dig up the plant and separate the roots into smaller sections, ensuring each section has healthy roots and shoots. Replant the sections in well-draining soil, and keep the soil moist. Division propagation is best done during the early spring.
Disease and Pest Management for Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh.
Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. is a plant species commonly known as African Scurf-pea or Kaapse boegoe. This plant exhibits resistance to some diseases, but there are several diseases and pests that can affect its growth and yield. Effective management strategies for these diseases and pests include:
Common Diseases
Fungal Diseases: The most common fungal diseases that affect Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. are leaf spot, powdery mildew, and sclerotinia stem rot. These diseases can lead to stunted growth of the plant, defoliation and affect the yield. To manage these diseases, it is important to remove all infected plant parts and destroy them. Fungicides such as copper-based fungicides or sulfur-based fungicides can be used. However, the efficacy of these fungicides is limited.
Bacterial Diseases: The bacterial diseases that affect Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. are leaf blight and bacterial wilt. These diseases cause discoloration of the leaves, wilting, and stunted growth of the plant. To manage these diseases, it is important to remove all infected plant parts and destroy them. Copper-based fungicides can also be used to manage bacterial diseases with some success.
Common Pests
Thrips: Thrips are the most common pests that affect Psoralea caffra Eckl. & Zeyh. They feed on the leaves, buds, and flowers of the plants, leading to discoloration of the leaves and stunted growth. To manage thrips, insecticides such as neem oil, spinosad, or pyrethroids can be used. It is important to follow the application instructions on the label to avoid toxicity to beneficial insects and other non-target organisms.
Aphids: Aphids are another pest that affects the plant by feeding on the sap. They are more likely to attack young, tender leaves and buds. To manage aphids, insecticides such as neem oil, insecticidal soap, or pyrethroids can be used. Encouraging the presence of beneficial insects such as ladybugs can also help to control aphids.
Implementing good cultural practices such as maintaining good soil health, proper spacing, and regular watering can help prevent disease and pest infestations. Regular monitoring of the plants can also help to detect and manage diseases and pests before they cause significant damage.
