Origin and Common Names of Pseudorontium cyathiferum
Pseudorontium cyathiferum, also known as the false shield fern, is a species of fern from the family Dryopteridaceae. It is native to the tropical regions of South and Central America, including Brazil, Colombia, and Costa Rica. However, it is widely cultivated as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world, including Asia, Australia, and Africa.
The false shield fern gets its common name from its resemblance to the shield fern (Polystichum). However, it is not closely related to the latter.
Appearance of Pseudorontium cyathiferum
The false shield fern has dark green, glossy fronds that can grow up to 80cm long and 25cm wide. The fronds are bipinnate, meaning that each pinna (leaflet) is further divided into smaller leaflets. The leaflets are oblong in shape, with toothed edges. The false shield fern has a creeping rhizome that allows it to slowly spread outwards.
The plant produces sporangia, which are structures that produce and release spores for reproduction, on the undersides of its fronds. The sporangia are arranged in rows along the veins of the fronds.
Uses of Pseudorontium cyathiferum
Due to its attractive appearance, the false shield fern is popularly grown as an ornamental plant in temperate and tropical gardens. It is commonly used as a ground cover or as a container plant in shaded areas. The plant prefers moist, well-drained soils with some amount of organic matter.
The plant is reportedly used in traditional medicine to treat fever and as a sedative. However, there is little scientific evidence to support these claims. Additionally, the plant should not be ingested as it is toxic to humans and pets.
Growth Conditions for Pseudorontium Cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm.
Light: Pseudorontium cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm. requires bright, filtered light but cannot tolerate direct sunlight. It prefers to grow under the canopy of shade-providing trees or in partially shaded areas with a light intensity of 1000-2000 foot-candles.
Temperature: The ideal temperature range for Pseudorontium cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm. is between 20°C-27°C (68°F-81°F). It cannot tolerate extreme temperature fluctuations and should be protected from frost and harsh winter conditions. Supplemental heat may be necessary during the cooler months to maintain optimum growth conditions.
Soil Requirements: Pseudorontium cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm. prefers well-draining soil with a high organic matter content. A pH range of 6.0-7.5 is optimal for growth. The plant can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy loam, clay loam, and loamy soils. It should be kept moist but not waterlogged, as waterlogged soil can lead to root rot and other fungal infections.
Cultivation methods
Pseudorontium cyathiferum, also known as the stag's horn fern, is a tropical plant that can be grown both indoors and outdoors. It requires a warm and humid environment, making it ideal for growth in greenhouses or indoor spaces with high humidity levels.
The plant prefers bright, filtered light and should be kept away from direct sunlight. It thrives in temperatures ranging between 60°F to 80°F.
Pseudorontium cyathiferum should be planted in well-draining soil with additional compost or peat moss to retain moisture. The ideal soil pH level ranges between 5.5 and 6.5. The plant should also be kept in a pot with drainage holes to prevent waterlogging.
Watering needs
The stag's horn fern requires consistent moisture without waterlogging. Water the plant when the top layer of soil feels dry to the touch. Use lukewarm water and pour it directly onto the soil to avoid getting the leaves and fronds wet.
It is important to maintain high humidity levels around the plant, which can be achieved by placing a tray of water near the plant or using a humidifier.
Fertilization
Fertilize Pseudorontium cyathiferum every two to three weeks during the growing season (spring and summer) using a balanced liquid fertilizer, diluted to half strength. Avoid fertilizing during the winter months when the plant is dormant.
Pruning
Stag's horn ferns do not require frequent pruning, but you can trim off any yellowed or dead fronds to promote new growth. This should be done using a sharp, clean pair of scissors or pruning shears to avoid damage to the rest of the plant.
Pseudorontium cyathiferum can grow quite large, so it is important to repot the plant into a larger container every two to three years to prevent root crowding.
Propagation of Pseudorontium cyathiferum
Pseudorontium cyathiferum (Benth.) Rothm. (commonly known as the Shield Fern or Silver Vase Plant) is a beautiful evergreen fern native to the tropical Americas. The plant can be propagated by spores, division, and tissue culture.
Propagation by spores
Propagation by spores is the most common method of propagating Pseudorontium cyathiferum. Collect spores using a sterilized container and a sterilized blade. Place the spores on a moist, sterile substrate, and cover lightly with plastic wrap or a clear lid. Keep the substrate moist, and after a few weeks, you should see the spores germinate. Once the spores have germinated, move the young ferns to their pots or beds.
Propagation by division
Propagation by division is another common method of propagating Pseudorontium cyathiferum. You can divide the plant by cutting the rhizome into smaller pieces, each of which should have at least one leaf and a healthy set of roots. Plant each new fern in its own pot or garden bed, and keep the soil moist until the plant establishes.
Propagation by tissue culture
Tissue culture is a more advanced method of propagating Pseudorontium cyathiferum. This method involves taking a piece of the plant, usually a small piece of the leaf or stem, and culturing it in an artificial environment. This process can be difficult and requires sterile equipment, so it is best left to professional growers.
Disease Management
Pseudorontium cyathiferum is susceptible to various fungal and bacterial diseases. The most common diseases that affect this plant are leaf spots, powdery mildew, and root rot.
To manage leaf spots, it is recommended to prune and remove infected leaves and debris, maintain good air circulation, and avoid overhead watering. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Powdery mildew can be managed by removing infected plant parts, maintaining good air circulation and avoiding overhead watering, and applying fungicides. Using resistant plant varieties is also recommended.
To control root rot, it is essential to improve soil drainage and avoid overwatering. Infected plants should be removed and destroyed to prevent the disease from spreading. Fungicides can also be applied to control the disease.
Pest Management
Pseudorontium cyathiferum is commonly attacked by pests such as mealybugs, spider mites, and scale insects.
To manage mealybugs and scale insects, it is recommended to remove them manually using a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol. Applying insecticidal soap, horticultural oil, or neem oil can also control the pests.
Spider mites can be managed by spraying the plant with a strong stream of water to remove them physically. Using insecticidal soap or neem oil can also control the pests.
To prevent further infestation of pests, it is important to maintain good plant hygiene by cleaning the plant regularly and removing dead plant matter.
