Overview
Pseudocentema angolensis, also known as Hook.f. Chiov., is an interesting plant that belongs to the family Apocynaceae. This species is native to Angola, hence the name angolensis. The plant is known to possess a wide range of medicinal properties. Additionally, it is also widely grown as an ornamental plant because of its striking and unique appearance.
Appearance
The Pseudocentema angolensis plant grows up to a height of approximately 2 meters. Its primary stem is brownish-green, and it has a shrubby habit. The leaves are simple and are elliptical in shape, with a length of about 8 cm and a width of 2.5 cm. They possess a smooth texture and are typically green in color. The flowers are produced mainly in summer and are small, white or pink, and have a strong fragrance.
Common Names
The Pseudocentema angolensis plant is also known by several other common names, including Angle's wood, smoke plant, Angolaian Jasmine, and Bantamba.
Uses
The Pseudocentema angolensis plant is famous for possessing a wide range of medicinal properties. Among the traditional societies of Angola, the plant is used to treat different ailments, including infections, coughs, headaches, and fever. Additionally, the roots of the plant are known to act as a natural painkiller. Some cultures also use the plant extract to induce sweat and treat infections. The plant is also grown as an ornamental flower and can be used to liven up gardens, patios, and indoor spaces. Lastly, some studies have suggested that the plant may also be useful in treating different cancers.
Light Requirements
Pseudocentema angolensis prefers partial to full sunlight. It can grow in partially shaded areas, but it may not thrive if it does not receive enough light. If grown indoors, it is best to place it near a window that receives bright but indirect light.
Temperature Requirements
This plant grows well in warm temperatures ranging from 18 to 30 degrees Celsius. It can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but it may not thrive if exposed to cold drafts or temperatures below 10 degrees Celsius. During the winter months, it is important to protect this plant from freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Pseudocentema angolensis prefers well-draining soil. It thrives in soil that is rich in organic matter, such as compost or peat moss. The ideal soil pH ranges from 6.0 to 7.5. Avoid heavy soils that retain too much water, as this can lead to root rot. If planting in a container, make sure there are drainage holes to allow excess water to escape.
Cultivation Methods
Pseudocentema angolensis is a tropical plant that requires a warm and humid environment for optimal growth. It is best suited for cultivation in well-draining, nutrient-rich soil that is kept slightly moist but not waterlogged. The plant also prefers a partially shaded location, protected from direct sunlight.
Watering Needs
The watering needs of Pseudocentema angolensis may vary depending on the temperature and humidity levels of the surrounding environment. The plant should be watered regularly, but care should be taken to avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot. The soil should be allowed to dry out slightly before the next watering to prevent waterlogging. The use of a well-draining soil mix is recommended for this purpose.
Fertilization
Fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Pseudocentema angolensis. A balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 can be applied every two weeks during the growing season. Care should be taken not to overfertilize, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flower production.
Pruning
Pruning is necessary to maintain the desirable shape and size of Pseudocentema angolensis. The plant can be pruned after flowering, cutting back any leggy growth and removing any dead or damaged branches. Pruning can help promote bushier growth and increase flower production in subsequent seasons.
Propagation of Pseudocentema angolensis (Hook.f.) Chiov.
Pseudocentema angolensis (Hook.f.) Chiov. can be propagated through seeds, cuttings and layering.
Propagation through seeds
Seeds should be collected from the plant when they are fully mature and dry. The seeds can be stored in an airtight container in a cool and dry place until they are ready to be sown. The seeds can be sown in a seed tray or directly in pots filled with well-draining soil. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil and watered gently. They should be kept in a warm and humid place until germination occurs.
Propagation through cuttings
Softwood cuttings can be taken from the plant in spring or early summer. Cuttings should be around 10cm long and should be taken from healthy and disease-free plants. The leaves on the lower half of the cutting should be removed and a hormone rooting powder should be applied to the cut end. The cutting should be planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil and kept in a warm and humid place until roots start to grow.
Propagation through layering
Layering is a method in which a branch of the plant is bent down and covered with soil. Roots will start to grow from the covered part of the stem. Once roots have developed, the branch can be cut from the parent plant and transplanted to a new location. Layering is typically done in early spring or late fall when the plant is not actively growing.
Disease Management
Like all plants, Pseudocentema angolensis is susceptible to several diseases. Below are the most common diseases that can affect the plant and recommended management strategies.
Leaf Spot
Leaf spot is one of the most common diseases that affect Pseudocentema angolensis. This disease is caused by fungal pathogens, and it can cause the leaves to drop prematurely, causing stunted growth and reduced yield.
To manage this disease, the affected leaves should be removed and destroyed, and a fungicide should be applied according to the manufacturer's instructions. Good sanitation practices, such as removing dead plant debris, can also help prevent the spread of the disease.
Root Rot
Root rot is another common disease that affects Pseudocentema angolensis. It is caused by soil-borne fungal pathogens that attack the plant's roots, causing it to wilt and die.
To manage this disease, ensure that the plant is grown in well-draining soil, and avoid overwatering. If the plant is affected, remove it from the soil, discard the infected soil, and clean all tools used to handle the plant. Restricting water and nutrient supply can also help to prevent the disease.
Pest Management
Like diseases, pests can also cause significant damage to Pseudocentema angolensis. Below are the most common pests that can affect the plant and recommended management strategies.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny insects that suck the sap from the plant, causing yellowing of leaves and stunted growth.
To manage spider mites, spray the plant with an insecticidal soap or neem oil spray. Also, ensure that the plant is adequately watered and fertilized to promote healthy growth, which can help to fend off pests.
Thrips
Thrips are also common pests that affect Pseudocentema angolensis. They cause damage by sucking sap and by spreading plant viruses.
To manage thrips, remove any weeds or debris near the plant, and use yellow sticky traps to control their spread. Also, use insecticidal soap or neem oil spray to kill and deter them. Insecticides can also be used, but they should be chosen with care, as some can harm beneficial insects.
