Overview of Prunus Laurocerasus L.
Prunus laurocerasus L. is a shrub species that belongs to the family Rosaceae. This evergreen plant is native to Southeastern Europe and Southwest Asia. Also known as the Cherry Laurel, it is a popular ornamental plant and has been cultivated since ancient times for its beautiful foliage, flowers and dark fruit. It is now found in many regions of the world such as North America, Australia, and New Zealand where it is often used as a hedging plant.
Appearance
The Cherry Laurel is a large, dense evergreen shrub that can grow up to 8 meters tall with a spread of up to 6 meters. It has dark glossy green leaves that are up to 30cm long and 10cm wide. They are oval-shaped with a pointed tip and serrated edges. The stems and twigs of the plant are greenish-brown, while its flowers are creamy white and appear in clusters in the late spring to summer. The fruit is a round dark-purple drupe that is about 1 to 2cm in diameter and contains a seed.
Common Names
The Prunus laurocerasus L. is commonly known as the Cherry Laurel or English Laurel. However, some countries have given the plant other common names such as the Common Laurel, Laurestinus, Portugal Laurel, or Spotted Laurel.
Uses
The Cherry Laurel has been used for various purposes throughout history. The plant is commonly used as a hedging plant due to its fast-growing and dense growth habit. It also makes an excellent evergreen screen, providing privacy and a good windbreak. The plant is also used in the medications industry, and the leaves and fruit contain prussic acid, used in cough syrups. The Cherry Laurel's leaves and branches are also used for decorative purposes, especially during the festive seasons. The fruit is edible and can be eaten raw or cooked, while the wood is used in woodworking and for making musical instruments.
Light Requirements
Prunus laurocerasus L. prefers full sun to partial shade. However, it can tolerate shade, but it may result in sparse foliage, fewer flowers, and slow growth. In areas with hot summers, partial shade may be preferable to prevent sunscald on the foliage.
Temperature Requirements
Prunus laurocerasus L. is a hardy plant and can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It grows in USDA hardiness zones 6 to 9. The optimum temperature for growth is between 65-85°F (18-29°C). During the winter, the plant can tolerate temperatures as low as -10°F (-23°C).
Soil Requirements
Prunus laurocerasus L. prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. The pH range should be from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline, between 6.0 to 7.5. The plant can tolerate a wide range of soil textures, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, it cannot grow in soils that are waterlogged or extremely dry.
Cultivation Methods
Prunus laurocerasus L., commonly known as cherry laurel, is a great shrub for hedging and screening purposes. It grows best in full sun to partial shade and well-drained soil. The plant is tolerant of various soil types and pH levels, making it an adaptable choice for different growing conditions. When planting, it is recommended to prepare the soil with organic matter and loosen the soil to eliminate any bulks. After planting, an adequate layer of mulch should be added to retain moisture and control weeds.Watering Needs
The plant prefers moist soil, especially during the first few months after planting. However, it can tolerate some dry periods after establishment. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant deeply once a week during dry periods.Fertilization
Prunus laurocerasus L. does not require frequent fertilization, but a balanced fertilizer should be applied once per year in the early spring to promote growth and health. Be careful not to over-fertilize as it can lead to excessive shoot growth and reduced flower production.Pruning
The plant benefits from regular pruning to maintain its desired size and shape. Prune the plant right after flowering to avoid cutting off new flower buds forming for the next season. Remove any dead, damaged, or diseased branches as needed. It is recommended to thin out older and thicker branches to encourage new shoots' growth and maintain the plant's health.Propagation of Prunus laurocerasus L.
Prunus laurocerasus L., also known as cherry laurel, is a popular evergreen shrub that can be propagated through several methods, including seed propagation, softwood cutting, and semi-hardwood cutting.
Seed propagation
Propagation through seed is straightforward, but it may take longer and produce variable results. The seeds should be collected when ripe and soaked in water for about 24 hours. The soaked seeds should then be planted in a pot with well-draining soil and placed in a sheltered location. It may take two to four months for the seeds to germinate. Seedlings need to be kept well-watered and moved to larger pots as they grow. The survival rate of seedlings is usually low, with only a small percentage of the plants surviving to maturity.
Softwood cutting
Softwood cutting should be taken from healthy and disease-free shrubs in late spring or early summer when the shoots are still green and soft. The cuttings should be about 10cm in length and cut just below a leaf node. Remove the leaves from the lower half of the cutting, leaving just a few leaves at the top. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant in a pot with a well-draining potting mix. The pot should be covered with a plastic bag to maintain humidity and placed in a bright, warm location. It generally takes 4-6 weeks for the cutting to develop roots. Once roots have developed, the new plant can be transferred to a slightly larger pot or planted directly into the soil.
Semi-hardwood cutting
Semi-hardwood cuttings can be taken in late summer or early autumn when the stems are partially matured. The process is the same as for softwood cuttings, though the cuttings will need to be slightly longer at around 15cm. The rooting hormone treatment is essential as it increases the chance of successful rooting. The pot should be covered with a plastic bag to maintain humidity and placed in a bright, warm location. It takes about 4-6 weeks for the cutting to develop roots. Once roots have developed, the new plant can be transferred to a slightly larger pot or planted directly into the soil.
Propagation of Prunus laurocerasus L. can be done through different methods, but softwood and semi-hardwood cuttings usually yield better results. Propagation through seed is also an option, but the survival rate of seedlings is usually low.
Disease and Pest Management for Prunus laurocerasus L.
Prunus laurocerasus L., commonly known as cherry laurel, is an excellent evergreen plant that can grow up to 12 feet tall. Although it is a hardy plant, these shrubs are prone to several diseases and pests. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that may affect Prunus laurocerasus L. and their management:
Diseases
1. Shot Hole Disease: This fungal disease results in black spots or holes on the leaves that eventually fall out. It can cause premature leaf drop and defoliation. The best way to manage Shot Hole Disease is by pruning infected branches and collecting debris.
2. Powdery Mildew: Powdery mildew is a fungal disease that results in a white powder-like substance coating the leaves and stems of the plant. It can cause stunted growth and yield. Good air circulation, consistent watering, and the use of fungicides can help manage powdery mildew.
3. Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a fungal disease that results in brown or black spots appearing on the leaves of the plant. It can cause premature leaf drop and defoliation. Pruning infected branches and disposing of debris can help manage leaf spot.
4. Phytophthora Root Rot: Phytophthora Root Rot is a soil-borne fungal disease that causes the roots of the plant to rot. The plant may show signs of wilting, yellowing, or browning of leaves. Providing proper drainage and avoiding overwatering can help manage Phytophthora Root Rot.
Pests
1. Cherry Fruit Fly: Cherry fruit flies are small black flies that lay eggs on the fruit of the plant. The larvae feed on the fruit, causing it to rot. Hanging yellow sticky traps around the plant can help manage cherry fruit flies.
2. Scale Insects: Scale insects are small, oval-shaped insects that attach to the plant's bark. They suck sap from the plant, which can lead to stunted growth and yield. The use of insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can help manage scale insects.
3. Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny insects that can be found on the underside of leaves, causing stippling and yellowing of leaves. Consistently watering the plant and using insecticidal soap or horticultural oil can help manage spider mites.
4. Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larval stage of moths and butterflies. They feed on the leaves of the plant, causing damage to its foliage. Pruning infected branches and physically removing them can help manage caterpillars.
In conclusion, keeping your Prunus laurocerasus L. healthy requires vigilance in managing both diseases and pests. Regular inspection, good garden hygiene, and the use of suitable management techniques can help prevent the spread of diseases and pests and keep your plant healthy and green.
