Overview:
Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni, commonly known as 'Mbombo' or 'Mukalama' is a plant species native to Central Africa. The plant belongs to the Sapotaceae family and is mainly found in Cameroon, DR Congo, Angola, Gabon, and Equatorial Guinea.
Appearance:
The plant usually grows up to a height of 20-30 meters, with a trunk diameter of 50-80 cm. The bark colour of the tree is greyish-brown with fissured texture. The leaves are simple, alternate and spirally arranged on the branches, occurring 5 to 8 in a rosette, the blade shape is oblong, 12-24cm long and 3.5-6cm broad. The flowers are small in size and usually greenish-yellow in colour.
Uses:
Pouteria malchairi is a highly valued tree species used by local communities for various purposes such as timber, medicine, food, and cultural beliefs. The fruit of the tree is edible and is used for preparing juice, wine, and jam. Additionally, the plant has significant medicinal values and is used to treat various ailments such as stomach ache and malaria fever. The wood of this tree species is durable and resistant to pests and is popular for making Furniture, flooring, and construction of houses.
Conservation status:
Pouteria malchairi is considered a vulnerable species due to habitat destruction, deforestation, and logging activities. The high demand for timber and medicinal products derived from the tree has led to overexploitation, which has contributed to the decline in population size. To conserve this species, strict measures need to implement to regulate logging and provide alternative sustainable livelihood options to local communities.
Light Requirements
Pouteria malchairi thrives in areas with bright, indirect sunlight. The plant prefers to be shaded from direct sunlight, as this may lead to leaf scorching. It is best suited for areas with dappled light or partially shaded regions. Providing the plant with the right amount of light is essential to its growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Pouteria malchairi is between 20°C to 25°C. The plant can survive in slightly cooler temperatures, but it may not grow at an optimal rate. The plant is sensitive to temperature extremes, so it is essential to keep it away from cold drafts and hot vents. These conditions can lead to stress and slow down growth rates.
Soil Requirements
Pouteria malchairi prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be slightly acidic with a pH between 5.5 to 6.5. The plant requires a soil mix that allows for proper root growth and good aeration. A sandy loam mix with good drainage properties is recommended. The plant can also grow well in pots or containers provided that they have proper drainage.
Cultivation Methods
Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni is a small to medium-sized tree, native to Africa, which can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors, depending on the geographical location and climate. The plant thrives in well-drained soils and requires bright, indirect sunlight to grow. While indoors, it is essential to place the plant near a window, but under appropriate shading to prevent sunburn.
The ideal temperature for cultivating Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni ranges between 60°F (15°C) to 80°F (27°C); the plant cannot withstand temperatures below 55°F (13°C) or above 90°F (32°C). In colder climates, the plant should be moved indoors during winter months or covered to keep the roots warm.
Watering Needs
Watering of Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni should be done when the soil in the pot comes dry. Water should be applied moderately; excessive watering may lead to root rot. The plant needs to be watered less in winter as it goes dormant.
It is important to avoid letting the plant sit in standing water, drainage holes should be present in the pot to prevent water accumulation.
Fertilization
To ensure healthy growth, Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni should be fertilized regularly. Use a balanced fertilizer once a month in the growing season (spring and summer). This will supply the plant with necessary nutrients to support good foliage and flowering. Organic fertilizers, such as fish emulsion, can also be used as an alternative.
Pruning
Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni can be pruned to maintain its shape and size. Pruning should be done in early spring or as soon as the flowering season ends. Cut off any dead or diseased branches, as well as the water sprouts. Pinch off new growth at the top of the plant to encourage branching. Always use sharp, sterilized pruners to avoid transferring diseases from one plant to another.
With proper care, Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni can develop into a beautiful plant, both indoors and outdoors.
Propagation of Pouteria Malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni
Pouteria Malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni, commonly known as ‘Malchair’s Sapote’, is a rare plant species that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. The plant is native to the tropical rainforests of Central and West Africa. The propagation of this plant is mostly achieved through seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation through Seeds
The propagation of Pouteria Malchairi through seeds is a feasible option and should be done in the spring season. The seeds must be soaked in water for at least 24 hours to increase germination rates. The recommended soil for germination of seeds must be well-drained and nutrient-rich. Sow the seeds approximately 2cm deep into the soil and cover with a thin layer of compost. Keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. Germination takes place in about 14-28 days, and the seedlings can be transplanted into individual pots when they have developed two true leaves.
Propagation through Stem cuttings
Propagation through stem cuttings is another viable method to multiply Pouteria Malchairi. The best time for taking stem cuttings is during the late spring or early summer months. Take a healthy stem cutting of approximately 10-15cm in length with two to three leaves. Ensure that the cutting has no damage and is free from diseases. Dip the base of the stem in rooting hormone powder and plant it firmly in the well-draining and nutrient-rich soil. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to create a humid environment, which will encourage rooting. Place the pot in a bright, warm place, but avoid direct sunlight. Rooting generally occurs within six weeks, and the newly rooted plant can be transplanted into individual pots.
Propagation of Pouteria Malchairi is a relatively simple process that requires patience and the right technique. Both methods of propagation can be successful if done correctly.
Disease and Pest Management for Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni
Pouteria malchairi (De Wild.) Baehni, commonly known as African plum, belongs to the Sapotaceae family, and is an evergreen tree of economic importance in tropical Africa. Diseases and pests can reduce the quality and yield of the fruit produced by the tree. Effective disease and pest management strategies are, therefore, essential for the production of healthy fruit.
Common Diseases of Pouteria malchairi
Several diseases can affect Pouteria malchairi, some of which are:
Fruit Rot
Fruit rot is a severe fungal disease that affects both mature and immature fruits. Symptoms of fruit rot include water-soaked spots on the fruit, which later develop into brown or black areas. The fruits eventually rot and fall from the tree.
Anthracnose
Anthracnose is a fungal disease that affects the leaves, fruits, and twigs of the tree. Symptoms include small, circular spots on the leaves, which later turn into larger brown spots. The affected leaves eventually fall off, reducing the photosynthetic activity of the tree.
Pest Management for Pouteria malchairi
Several pests can affect Pouteria malchairi, some of which are:
Fruit Flies
Fruit flies are insects that lay eggs on the fruit of Pouteria malchairi, leading to the loss of the fruit. The larvae of the fruit fly feed on the fruit, leading to its decay. To manage fruit flies, farmers can use pheromone traps or other chemical insecticides.
Termites
Termites are soil-dwelling insects that feed on the roots, causing stunted growth and, in severe cases, death. To manage termites, farmers can use biological control agents such as nematodes and entomopathogenic fungi or use chemical insecticides.
Mites
Mites are tiny arthropods that feed on the leaves and cause curling, discoloration, and defoliation of the tree. To manage mites, farmers can use acaricides or introduce predatory mites.
In conclusion, proper disease and pest management measures are essential for the productivity of Pouteria malchairi. Farmers are advised to use integrated pest management strategies, which are environmentally friendly and effective in controlling pests and diseases.
