Description of Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz.
Polystachya subumbellata is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is a small epiphyte native to Africa and commonly found in Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, and Gabon.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the African Polystachya or the Clustered Polystachya.
Appearance
Polystachya subumbellata is relatively small and has an average height of 6-10cm. Its leaves are thin and narrow, and the plant usually has multiple light-green coloured shoots that form small clusters. The flower spikes are upright, and the flowers are predominantly purple with a yellow disc in the center. The plant typically blooms during the late winter and early spring seasons, and each spike can produce several long-lasting flowers which attract pollinators like bees and butterflies.
Uses
Polystachya subumbellata is not widely used for medicinal purposes, but there are some traditional remedies documented in Ghana, which involve the plant. Extracts from the plant have been used to treat fever, stomach pains as well as high blood pressure. It is, however, a beautiful plant that is commonly grown as an ornamental plant in gardens and greenhouses.
Overall, Polystachya subumbellata is a beautiful and unique plant species that is a great addition to any garden or collection.
Light requirements
Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz. requires bright but indirect sunlight for optimal growth. This plant should be placed in a location where it receives at least 6 hours of filtered sunlight daily. Direct sunlight should be avoided as it can cause leaf burn and stunted growth.
Temperature requirements
The ideal temperature range for Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz. is between 60-80°F (15-27°C). This plant can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures, but should not be exposed to temperatures below 50°F (10°C) as this can lead to leaf drop. Additionally, this plant should not be exposed to temperatures above 90°F (32°C) as this can cause heat stress.
Soil requirements
Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz. requires loose, well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged as this can lead to root rot. When planting, it is recommended to mix peat moss and perlite with the soil to improve drainage and promote aeration.
Cultivation Methods
Polystachya subumbellata can be grown both as an epiphyte and in pots filled with a well-draining orchid mix composed of sphagnum moss, bark, and perlite. The plant prefers bright but indirect light and warm temperatures ranging from 60°F (16°C) to 80°F (27°C).
Watering Needs
The watering routine for Polystachya subumbellata should be consistent, keeping it moist but not too wet. Water the plant when the top inch of the soil mix is dry, once a week during the growing season and less frequently during winter dormancy. When watering, make sure to saturate the entire root zone thoroughly and allow excess water to drain out.
Fertilization
It is recommended to fertilize Polystachya subumbellata once a month with a balanced fertilizer specifically formulated for orchids. During the active growth period, adding a low-nitrogen fertilizer can promote better flowering. Reduce the frequency of fertilizer use during winter dormancy.
Pruning
Pruning of Polystachya subumbellata should be done with sterile scissors or garden shears. Cut off any dead or yellow leaves and spent flower spikes to promote new growth. If the plant has outgrown its container, it can be divided to prevent overcrowding. Divide the plant during a growth period, making sure each division has enough roots to sustain itself.
Propagation of Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz.
Propagation of Polystachya subumbellata P.J.Cribb & Podz. can be done through various methods:
Division
Dividing mature plants is one of the easiest and most common ways to propagate Polystachya subumbellata. This is done by carefully separating the pseudobulbs and roots of the parent plant and replanting them in an appropriate growing medium.
Seed propagation
Polystachya subumbellata can also be propagated from seeds. The seeds should be sown in a sterile, well-draining medium, and kept moist until germination occurs. It is important to note that this method can take longer for the plant to reach maturity.
Vegetative propagation
Another method of propagating Polystachya subumbellata is through vegetative propagation. In this method, a portion of the stem or a leaf with a node is taken from the parent plant and planted in a growing medium until it develops roots and shoots.
Regardless of the chosen method, it is important to ensure that the plant is not exposed to direct sunlight during the rooting process and kept in a humid environment to prevent desiccation.
Disease Management
The plant Polystachya subumbellata is relatively resistant to diseases but can still succumb to some fungal and bacterial infections. Prevention is the best approach to disease management, and good cultural practices are vital to keeping the plant healthy.
One of the common diseases that can affect Polystachya subumbellata is leaf spot. Leaf spot is caused by a fungal infection, and it is characterized by small, circular to irregular brown spots on the leaves. The spots can enlarge and form irregular shapes, leading to leaf drop if the infection is not controlled. To manage leaf spot, remove and dispose of infected leaves and maintain proper watering to prevent the spread of the disease.
Another disease that can infect Polystachya subumbellata is root rot, which is caused by a fungal infection in the soil. Root rot can cause the roots to become mushy and discolored, eventually leading to the death of the plant. To manage root rot, ensure that the plant's soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering.
Pest Management
Polystachya subumbellata is also relatively resistant to pests, but it can be attacked by some insects. Some of the common pests that can affect the plant include spider mites, mealybugs, and scale insects.
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant's sap, leading to yellowing, stippling, and eventual leaf drop. To manage spider mites, regularly spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge the pests. Also, introduce predatory insects like ladybugs, which feed on spider mites and other harmful insects.
Mealybugs and scale insects are also common pests that attack Polystachya subumbellata. These pests can cause stunted growth, yellowing, and leaf drop. To manage them, wipe the leaves with a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol or a soapy solution. You can also introduce natural predators such as parasitic wasps and ladybugs to control the pests.
Regularly inspecting the plant for signs of pests and diseases is essential to keep the plant healthy. By practicing good cultural practices and using chemical controls, you can manage and prevent pests and diseases, ensuring that Polystachya subumbellata thrives in your garden.
