Overview
Polystachya subulata Finet is an epiphytic orchid species that is native to East Africa. It is a small to medium-sized orchid with a unique appearance and pleasant fragrance. Known for its beautiful blooms, the plant is a favorite among gardeners and horticulturists.
Origin and Distribution
Polystachya subulata is native to East Africa, specifically in countries such as Tanzania, Kenya, and Ethiopia. It can be found growing in both highland and lowland forests, as well as in other wooded areas.
Common Names
Polystachya subulata is commonly known as the Ladder Orchid, Spike Orchid, or Rat's Tail Orchid.
Appearance
The Polystachya subulata orchid has a unique appearance that is not commonly found in other orchid species. It has thin, elongated leaves that can grow up to 15cm in length, forming a fan-like shape. The orchid blooms on a tall inflorescence that can grow up to 50cm in height. The flowers are small, with a triangular shape, and are typically light green or yellow in color.
Uses
While Polystachya subulata is primarily cultivated for ornamental purposes, the plant has some medicinal uses in traditional African medicine. The plant's leaves and stems are used to make a poultice that is applied to wounds, burns, and sores to promote healing. The orchid is also used as a remedy for diarrhea, fever, and other ailments.
Light Requirements
Polystachya subulata Finet requires bright and filtered light to thrive. Direct sunlight must be avoided as it can cause damage to the plant leaves. It is best to place the plant near a window facing east or west, where it can receive bright but indirect sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The optimal temperature range for the growth of Polystachya subulata Finet is between 15°C to 25°C. The plant can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures during the winter season, but exposure to temperatures below 10°C must be avoided. Extreme temperatures can cause damage to the plant leaves, and it may even result in plant death.
Soil Requirements
Polystachya subulata Finet requires well-draining soil to grow properly. The soil must be moist but not waterlogged. Avoid using heavy soils that retain water for too long as it can cause root rot. It is best to use a mixture of orchid bark, perlite, and sphagnum moss to create a suitable soil mix for the plant. The addition of organic fertilizer can provide the necessary nutrients for the plant's growth.
Cultivation methods
Polystachya subulata Finet is an epiphytic orchid that can be cultivated in a pot or mounted on a tree. If grown in a pot, it should be planted in a well-draining orchid mix with bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite. The pot should have drainage holes to prevent waterlogging of the roots. If grown mounted, it should be fixed to a piece of cork or tree bark with sphagnum moss or fishing line.
Watering needs
Polystachya subulata Finet requires frequent watering during hot weather, as it is naturally found in tropical regions. Water the plant when the potting mix or mounted bark feels dry to the touch. When watering, thoroughly soak the roots, allowing the excess water to drain from the bottom of the pot. When mounted, mist the plant daily to keep the roots moist.
Fertilization
Polystachya subulata Finet should be fertilized every two weeks during the growing season, and once a month during the winter. Use a balanced orchid fertilizer mixed with water at half strength. When applying fertilizer, moisten the plant with water first to prevent fertilizer burn on the roots.
Pruning
Polystachya subulata Finet does not require regular pruning, but it is recommended to remove any yellow or dead leaves to prevent the spread of disease. Also, cut the flower stem once the blooms have faded, but not removing it from the base of the plant, as the orchid may continue to produce new spikes from the old stem.
Propagation of Polystachya subulata Finet
Polystachya subulata Finet, commonly known as the Rat's tail orchid is a fascinating plant that is easy to propagate. The plant can be propagated in several ways, including division, back-bulbs, and cuttings.
Division
Division is the most straightforward method of propagation for this plant. It Involves separating smaller plants from the mother plant once they have developed adequate roots and shoots. Spring and summer are the ideal seasons to perform this method. However, it is essential to use sterile instruments to avoid infections.
Back-bulbs
Polystachya subulata Finet also produces back bulbs when the plant is mature. These are smaller bulbs that appear at the base of the mother bulb. These bulbs can be separated and potted in their pot or with the mother bulb as they share common roots.
Cuttings
The stem tip cuttings of Polystachya subulata Finet root easily. However, not all cutting will take root, and it is essential to use a rooting hormone. Cuttings are recommended during warmer months of the year, and they should be potted once roots have developed adequately.
Propagation of Polystachya subulata Finet is easy, and the plant quickly adapts to the new environment. With the right care and attention, the propagated plant grows healthy and produces spectacular flowers.
Disease and Pest Management for Polystachya subulata Finet
Polystachya subulata Finet, also known as the needle-leafed orchid, is a small epiphytic plant that is native to Madagascar. While it is generally a hardy plant that does not require a lot of maintenance, there are several common diseases and pests that can affect it.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Polystachya subulata Finet is root rot. This is caused by overwatering or poor drainage, which can lead to fungal growth and root damage. To prevent and manage root rot, it is important to ensure that the plant is not sitting in standing water. The soil should be well-draining and the plant should be watered sparingly, allowing the soil to dry out a bit in between waterings. If root rot has already set in, it may be necessary to remove affected roots and repot the plant with fresh soil.
Another disease that can affect Polystachya subulata Finet is leaf spot. This is caused by a fungal infection, and can be identified by dark spots on the plant's leaves. To manage leaf spot, it is important to remove affected leaves and ensure that the plant is not crowded, which can limit air circulation and contribute to fungal growth. Additionally, it may be helpful to treat the plant with a fungicide.
Common Pests
There are several pests that can affect Polystachya subulata Finet, including spider mites, scale insects, and mealybugs. These pests can cause damage to the plant's leaves and stems, and can even lead to the plant's death if left untreated.
One way to manage pests is to regularly inspect the plant for signs of infestation. This can include the presence of webbing, honeydew (a sticky substance left behind by some insects), or physical damage to the plant's leaves or stems. If pests are detected, it may be necessary to remove affected leaves or stems and treat the plant with an insecticide or other pest management product.
Another way to prevent pest infestations is to ensure that the plant is healthy and well-maintained. This includes regular watering and fertilization, as well as ensuring that the plant is not overcrowded and has good air circulation. A healthy plant is better able to resist pests and diseases than one that is stressed or weakened.
Conclusion
By taking steps to prevent and manage common diseases and pests that can affect Polystachya subulata Finet, it is possible to keep this beautiful plant healthy and thriving. With proper care and attention, it can be a stunning addition to any collection of orchids or tropical plants.
