Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f. - A Unique Epiphytic Orchid
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f., commonly known as the Copilot Orchid, is a species of epiphytic orchid that belongs to the family Orchidaceae. It is native to many African countries including Cameroon, Gabon, Congo, Ghana, Nigeria, and Zambia. In Africa, the plant usually grows in the forest canopy, attached to branches and trunks of trees in hot and humid conditions.
Appearance
The plant has a unique appearance with fleshy leaves and numerous inflorescences. The leaves are up to 10 cm long and are produced in rosettes. The inflorescences have several small flowers that occur in clusters, forming a spike up to 8 cm long. The flowers are about 1 cm in diameter and have a pale green to yellow-green color with a distinctive lip that is a deep maroon color.
Common Names
The plant gets its common name, Copilot Orchid because in West Africa, it often grows high in the trees, next to birds' nests. This flowering plant is also known as Epiphytic Orchid, a term used to refer to plants that grow harmlessly on other plants; often trees. In Nigeria, the plant is sometimes referred to as 'Arakanga,' 'Intane,' or 'Analactic Orchid.'
Uses
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is cultivated as an ornamental plant in greenhouses and private gardens worldwide. It is easy to grow and maintain compared to other orchids, making it ideal for house plant lovers. The plant is also used in traditional medicine to treat various ailments such as nausea, headaches, and snake bites. The roots and leaves of the plant contain alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenes, which give it medicinal properties. Additionally, some African communities use the plant as a natural pesticide to protect their crops from pests.
Light Requirements
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is an epiphytic orchid that prefers bright but filtered light. Direct sunlight may cause leaf scorching and damage the delicate flowers. It is best to provide it with 70-80% shade during the hottest part of the day. Growing this plant under artificial light requires providing 1000 to 2000 foot candles.
Temperature Requirements
This orchid species belongs to a warm-growing group and requires a minimum temperature of 60°F (16°C) to thrive. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 70°F to 85°F (21°C to 29°C). Avoid placing this plant near cold drafts or in areas with sharp temperature fluctuation. Humidity levels between 50% and 70% are also necessary for its growth and well-being.
Soil Requirements
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is not soil-dependent and can grow on various materials such as tree bark, coconut coir, sphagnum moss, and cork. These materials should be well-draining to prevent waterlogging, which may cause root-rotting. It is essential to water the plant regularly and allow for airing between watering to prevent moisture buildup, which can attract pests and diseases.
Cultivation Methods
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is an epiphytic orchid that grows on trees in its natural habitat. Therefore, it's recommended to grow this orchid in a container that mimics the tree bark environment. You can use a potting mix that contains bark, sphagnum moss, and perlite to provide the necessary environment for the orchid to thrive. The potting mix should be well aerated and well-drained. You can also mount the orchid onto a slab of cork bark or tree fern.
Watering Needs
When it comes to watering Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f., you should aim to keep the potting mix or the mount moist but not waterlogged. Water the orchid once a week or when the top layer of the potting mix feels dry to the touch. You can also mist the leaves with lukewarm water to provide additional moisture and humidity to the orchid.
Fertilization
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. requires regular fertilization to produce healthy growth and beautiful flowers. You can use a balanced orchid fertilizer once or twice a month during the growing season (spring and summer) and reduce the frequency during the dormant season (fall and winter). Follow the manufacturer's instructions and dilute the fertilizer to half-strength to avoid burning the orchid's sensitive roots.
Pruning
Pruning Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is not necessary, but you may want to remove any yellowing or dead leaves to promote the growth of new leaves and flowers. Use clean and sharp scissors or pruners to avoid damaging the healthy parts of the orchid. You can also divide the orchid if it outgrows its container or if you want to propagate it. Divide the orchid during the spring season when it's actively growing, and make sure each division has at least one healthy pseudobulb and a few roots.
Propagation of Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f.
There are multiple ways to propagate Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f. The plant can be propagated using the following methods:
Division
Division is one of the easiest ways to propagate Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f. Divide the plant when it becomes too large for its container. Gently remove the plant from the current pot and carefully separate the rhizomes. Each section should have at least one viable shoot and a few roots. Repot each section in a pot with fresh potting mix and water thoroughly.
Meristem culture
Meristem culture or micropropagation is a tissue culture technique that is used to produce a large number of genetically identical plants from a small amount of plant tissue. Meristem culture is useful for the conservation of rare or endangered plant species, as well as for the large-scale production of plants. Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f. can be propagated using meristem culture, but it requires special equipment and techniques.
Seed propagation
Seed propagation is possible with Polystachya Galericulata Rchb.f., but it is a slow process and can take several years for the plant to reach maturity. The seeds need to be sown in a well-draining potting mix and kept moist. The seeds should be sown on the surface of the potting mix and not covered. The pot should be kept in a warm and humid location, and the seeds should germinate within a few weeks.
Disease Management for Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f.
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is vulnerable to various diseases, which can significantly reduce the plant's growth and damage its overall health. Given below are some of the common diseases that can affect this plant and the ways through which they can be managed:
Bacterial Blight
Bacterial blight is a common disease that can affect Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. The symptoms include dark brown, water-soaked, and sunken areas on the leaves, stems, and flowers, which can eventually lead to the death of the plant.
The best way to manage this disease is to practice good sanitation, remove the infected parts of the plant, and destroy them. Additionally, avoid overhead watering, reduce leaf wetness, and maintain good air circulation around the plant.
Leaf Spot Disease
Leaf spot disease is another common disease that can affect Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. It is caused by a fungus that thrives in wet conditions. The symptoms include circular or irregular leaf spots with yellow to brown margins.
To manage this disease, it is essential to practice good sanitation, remove and destroy the infected parts of the plant, and reduce the moisture around the plant. Additionally, avoid overhead watering, provide good air circulation, and apply a fungicide to prevent the disease's spread.
Pest Management for Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f.
Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. is also vulnerable to various pests, which can damage the plant's health and affect its growth. Given below are some of the common pests that can affect this plant and the ways to manage them:
Spider Mites
Spider mites are common pests that can infest Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. They thrive in warm and dry conditions and cause severe damage to the plant by sucking its sap.
To manage spider mites, consider misting the plant's foliage to increase the humidity level around it and disrupt their reproductive cycle. Additionally, you can apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to suffocate and kill the mites.
Scale Insects
Scale insects are another common pest that can affect Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. They attach themselves to the plant and feed by sucking its sap, leading to the plant's stunted growth and yellowing leaves.
To manage scale insects, consider removing them with a soft-bristled brush or spraying them with a solution of rubbing alcohol and water. Additionally, you can apply a systemic insecticide to the plant's soil to prevent the pests' reproduction and spread.
In conclusion, Polystachya galericulata Rchb.f. requires adequate care to protect it from diseases and pests. By practicing good sanitation, proper watering techniques, and applying appropriate insecticides and fungicides, you can maintain the plant's health, growth, and beauty.
