Origin and Common Names
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack., also known as the creeping polypody, is a fern species that belongs to the Polypodiaceae family. This plant is native to tropical regions in North, Central, and South America, and it is commonly found growing in forests, rocky slopes, and river banks.
The creeping polypody has several common names, including jungle polypody, creeping fern, climbing polypody, and ribbon fern.
General Appearance
The creeping polypody is an evergreen fern that has long, thin, and ribbon-like fronds that can grow up to 5 feet (1.5 meters) long. These fronds are arranged alternately and have a glossy green color, with a leathery texture that can resist drying out.
This fern has a creeping rhizome that spreads horizontally along the ground or climbs over rocks, trees, and other vegetation with the help of small root-like structures called holdfasts. The creeping polypody is a relatively hardy fern that can tolerate moderate shade and dryness, although it prefers humid and shaded environments.
Uses
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. has several uses in traditional medicine and horticulture. The rhizome and fronds contain active compounds that have antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and they have been traditionally used to treat skin diseases, digestive problems, and respiratory infections.
In horticulture, the creeping polypody is valued as an ornamental plant for its attractive foliage and low maintenance requirements. This fern can be grown as a ground cover, in hanging baskets, or as an epiphyte on trees or rocks. It is also a good choice for terrariums and indoor gardens that mimic its natural habitat.
Light Conditions
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. requires moderate levels of light for optimal growth. It should be placed in a location where it can receive filtered sunlight or bright indirect light. Direct sunlight can scorch the leaves of the plant, while low light conditions can negatively impact its growth.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. is between 18°C and 24°C. It is important to keep the plant away from drafts or extreme variations in temperature, which can cause stress and affect its growth. The plant can tolerate slightly cooler temperatures but should be protected from frost and prolonged exposure to temperatures below 10°C.
Soil Requirements
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. thrives in well-draining soil with good moisture retention. The soil mixture should be loose and rich in organic matter. A suitable blend for the plant is equal parts peat moss, coarse sand, and perlite. The soil should be kept moist but not waterlogged, and the plant should be allowed to slightly dry out between watering cycles. Proper drainage is crucial as the plant is susceptible to root rot when left in standing water.
Cultivation
Polypodium sarmentosum, commonly known as the "creeping fern," is a tropical plant that is native to Southeast Asia. The plant can grow up to 60 cm in length and prefers partial to full shade. It is relatively easy to cultivate and maintain as long as the suitable conditions are provided.
Propagation for this fern is usually done through spores. The spores should be sown in a soil mixture with sand or perlite to ensure good drainage. Keep the soil consistently moist and warm (temperatures between 20-25°C) for optimum germination. Once seedlings have grown, they can be gradually shifted to their permanent position and potted into containers with suitable potting mix.
Watering Needs
Polypodium sarmentosum requires moderate to high humidity, and soil should be moist but not soaking wet. Watering the fern once every two to three days is advised, but careful attention should be paid to the draining as it is vital to prevent root rot. During dry seasons, misting or spraying with water is beneficial.
Fertilization
The application of fertilizers is encouraged during spring or early summer. Organic fertilizers such as compost, manure or worm castings provided in the required amount have been known to promote growth and improve overall plant health. As with any plant, avoid over-fertilizing as this can lead to salt build-up in the soil which could damage the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not particularly necessary for Polypodium sarmentosum, although removing any yellow or dead fronds is advised to encourage new growth. Cut the leaves as near to the base as possible (without injuring the adjacent frond), using a sharp, sterile tool to prevent any possible infection.
Propagation of Polypodium sarmentosum Brack.
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. can be propagated through spores, division, or runners.
Propagation through spores
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. produces spores on the undersides of its fronds. To propagate the plant through spores, gather mature fronds with fully developed spores and place them in a paper bag. Leave the bag to dry for a few days. Once the spores are dry, scatter them on top of a mixture of moist peat and sand. Cover the pot with a clear plastic bag to create a moist environment. Set the pot in bright, indirect light and maintain a constant temperature of 70°F to 75°F. Mist the soil with water frequently, and within a few days, small green plants will start to develop. Once the plants are big enough to handle, transplant them into individual pots with potting soil.
Propagation through division
To propagate Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. through division, start by selecting a mature plant. Carefully remove the plant from the pot and gently shake off any soil. Use a sterilized knife or scissors to divide the plant into smaller sections, making sure that each section has at least one rhizome and several fronds. Plant each section in a pot with potting soil, water well, and place them in a well-lit area out of direct sunlight.
Propagation through runners
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. also produces runners or stolons that can be used for propagation. These runners grow along the soil surface and produce new plants at the nodes. To propagate the plant through runners, locate a healthy plant with well-developed runners. Cut each runner with a sterilized knife or scissors, making sure that each section has several leaves. Plant each section in a pot with potting soil, water well, and place them in a well-lit area out of direct sunlight.
Disease Management for Polypodium Sarmentosum Brack.
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. is a fern species that is generally resistant to most diseases, making it an ideal plant for cultivation. However, there are a few potential diseases that can affect this plant species.
One of the most common diseases that can affect Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. is fungal infections. These infections are usually caused by soil-borne fungi that attack the plant's roots. To prevent these infections, it is important to ensure that the plant's soil is well-draining and not waterlogged. Also, avoid watering the plant's leaves excessively, as this can create a favorable environment for fungal growth. Applying a fungicide may also help in controlling the fungal disease.
Viral infections are also not uncommon in Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. The most common viral infections are from aphids that serve as vectors for the virus. Hence, it is crucial to control the spread of aphids by applying insecticides. Sanitizing the garden regularly also helps in stoping the spread of bacterial and viral infections in the foliage of the plant.
Pest Management for Polypodium Sarmentosum Brack.
Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. is relatively resistant to pests but may sometimes become infested with insects like mites, scales, and slugs. Some common pests that affect Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. include:
Mites: These small pests have tiny suction cups that they use to feed on plant sap, causing leaves to have brown spots. Covering the plant with a horticultural oil spray will suffocate them, and they may also be controlled with miticides.
Scales:Scales feed on the underside of the plant's foliage and drain sap from the tissues, resulting in yellow spots or prematurely wilted leaves. Using a horticultural oil or insecticidal soap spray will help in controlling them.
Slugs: Slugs love tender foliage and may be a nuisance to Polypodium sarmentosum Brack. Handpick the slugs or set up a slug trap - by planting lettuce or cabbage around the fern, encouraging the slugs to gather there and disposing of them by hand or using a suitable pesticide.
Overall, keeping the fern healthy and strong, and maintaining good hygiene in the garden, are practical measures to maintain this plant's growth and manage its diseases and pests.
