Overview of Polyochnella micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha, also known as Polyochnella schwarzenbachii or Monochaetum micranthum is a species of flowering plant in the Melastomataceae family. It is native to Africa, particularly in Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Zambia. It is also found in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
Appearance of Polyochnella micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha is a perennial herb that can grow up to 50 cm tall. The plant has a soft and hairy stem with leaves that are narrowly ovate to lanceolate and up to 10 cm long. The leaves are hairy with a rough texture and a reddish tinge beneath. The flowers are pink or purple and small, measuring only 3-4 mm in diameter. The plant produces fruit that is a small capsule containing many tiny seeds.
Uses of Polyochnella micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha has been used for its medicinal properties. The plant has been traditionally used to treat several ailments such as colds, coughs, and inflammation. In Zimbabwe, the leaf extract is used as a remedy for snakebites. The plant is also used for ornamental purposes due to its attractive flowers and foliage.
The plant is known to be used in traditional medicine in Africa. The leaf extract has shown to have anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties, which make it useful in the treatment of various diseases.
Common Names of Polyochnella micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha is known by several common names, including Long-haired Mulomba (in English), Mpolnwa or Molowa (in Swaziland), Ukundla (in Ndebele), and Mpepere-ebesu (in Shona).
Growth Conditions for Polyochnella Micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha, commonly known as Tanganyika onion, is a species of plant native to East Africa that belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae. This plant has unique growth conditions that are essential for its growth and survival. The following are the necessary growth conditions for Polyochnella micrantha:
Light Requirements
Polyochnella micrantha requires bright light for healthy growth. It requires about six hours of daily exposure to the sun; therefore, it is ideal to plant it in areas with bright, indirect sunlight. Direct sunlight can cause leaf burning, while too little sunlight can cause stunted growth and yellowing of the leaves.
Temperature Requirements
This plant thrives in warm and tropical environments. The ideal temperature range for its growth is between 20°C to 30°C. Polyochnella micrantha is tolerant to temperature fluctuations and can do well in temperatures as low as 15°C; however, extreme low-temperature conditions may cause damage to the plant.
Soil Requirements
Polyochnella micrantha prefers well-draining soil that has a neutral pH level of between 7.0 to 7.5. It grows best in sandy soils rich in organic matter. Good soil drainage is crucial because the plant is susceptible to root rot. To enhance soil drainage, it is advisable to avoid planting it in compacted or heavy clay soils.
Water Requirements
Polyochnella micrantha requires moderate watering. Overwatering can cause root rot, while insufficient water can cause wilting. It is recommended to water the plant thoroughly and allow the soil to dry out slightly before watering again. During the rainy seasons, it is advisable to reduce watering frequency.
Fertilizer Requirements
Regular fertilization is essential for the healthy growth of Polyochnella micrantha. It requires a balanced fertilizer rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Fertilization can be done every two to four weeks during the growing season. It is advisable to follow the manufacturer's application instructions to prevent over-fertilization, which can cause plant damage.
Cultivation Methods
Polyochnella micrantha, commonly known as African star grass, can be cultivated in a well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. This plant can thrive in a wide range of soils, including loamy, sandy, and clay soils. It prefers to grow in partial to full sun and requires a warm climate with temperatures ranging from 18°C to 28°C.
Watering Needs
This plant is adapted to dry conditions, but it requires moderate watering during the growing season. Water the African star grass once every week, and ensure that the soil is moist to a depth of 15-20cm. Avoid overwatering, which can lead to fungal diseases and root rot.
Fertilization
To ensure the optimal growth of Polyochnella micrantha, apply a slow-release fertilizer once every six months. Use a balanced fertilizer that contains nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Alternatively, apply organic manure during the planting season to enrich the soil with essential nutrients.
Pruning
To maintain the shape and size of the African star grass, prune it regularly. Prune back the shoots to half their length in early spring to stimulate new growth. Remove any diseased or dead stems and foliage throughout the growing season to prevent the spread of diseases.
Propagation of Polyochnella micrantha (Schweinf. & Gilg) Tiegh.
Polyochnella micrantha is a relatively easy plant to propagate, and it can be propagated through various methods such as:
Seed Propagation
The easiest and most practical way to propagate Polyochnella micrantha is through seeds. Collect the matured dry seeds, and then plant them in well-draining soil. Ensure that they are planted in the appropriate depth. You can expect germination within two to three weeks.
Cuttings Propagation
Propagation through cuttings is also possible but requires special care. Select healthy non-flowering branches for cuttings. The cuttings should be about 5-10cm long and must be taken during the growing season. After dipping them in rooting hormone, plant them in a suitable growing medium. Ensure that they receive an adequate amount of moisture and a stable temperature to encourage root growth.
Division Propagation
Polyochnella micrantha can also be propagated through division. Select a mature plant, and then carefully divide the plant into separate clumps or rosettes. Ensure that each clump has adequate roots and replant each clump into their individual pots. Ensure that you water and treat the newly potted plants according to their specific care requirements.
Propagation of Polyochnella micrantha via the methods outlined above is relatively easy, and through proper care, the newly propagated plantlets can grow to become healthy full-grown plants.
Disease and Pest Management for Polyochnella micrantha
Polyochnella micrantha, also known as the African fern, is a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases and pests. However, there are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant, and it is important to manage them effectively to keep the plant healthy.
Common Diseases
One of the most common diseases that affect Polyochnella micrantha is fungal leaf spot. The disease manifests as circular brown or black spots on the leaves, which can cause them to turn yellow and fall off. To manage this disease, it is important to remove and destroy affected leaves as soon as they are noticed, as well as practicing good sanitation by removing fallen leaves and debris from around the plant. Fungicides can also be used in severe cases.
Another disease that can affect Polyochnella micrantha is root rot, which is caused by over-watering or poor drainage. This disease can cause the plant to wilt and the leaves to turn yellow. To manage root rot, it is important to improve drainage and reduce watering frequency. Affected plants should also be removed and destroyed to prevent further spread of the disease.
Common Pests
One of the most common pests that affect Polyochnella micrantha is mealybugs. These small white insects can be found on the leaves and stems of the plant, and they can cause stunted growth and leaf drop. To manage mealybugs, it is important to physically remove them from the plant using a cotton swab or soft cloth dipped in alcohol. In severe cases, insecticidal soap can also be used.
Another pest that can affect the plant is spider mites. These tiny red or black insects can cause yellowing leaves and produce webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, it is important to keep the plant well-watered and to increase humidity levels by misting the leaves regularly. Insecticidal soap can also be used in severe cases.
Overall, Polyochnella micrantha is a hardy plant that is resistant to most diseases and pests. However, it is important to monitor the plant regularly for any signs of trouble and to manage any diseases or pests that may arise to keep the plant healthy and thriving.
