Origin
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum, also known as Nodobryoria quinqueseptata, is a lichen species that belongs to the family Parmeliaceae. It is native to North America, growing mainly in the United States and Canada.
Common Names
Some of the common names for Polymeridium quinqueseptatum include Five-lobed Nodobryoria, Speckled Greenshield Lichen, and Common Greenshield Lichen.
Uses
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum has been used in traditional medicine by various indigenous peoples. It was used to treat coughs, colds, and various respiratory conditions. In addition, it was also used as a food source during times of famine. However, it is not commonly used in modern medicine or as a food source due to potential toxicity and lack of research.
General Appearance
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum has a fruticose (shrub-like) growth form and can range from light green to dark green or brown in color. It commonly grows on the bark of trees or on rocks. The branches can be cylindrical or flattened, and the apothecia (the reproductive structure) are sunken into the thallus (the body of the lichen). The lobes of the thallus are typically five-lobed and may overlap. The surface of the thallus may have speckled or sorediate (powdery) texture and can grow up to 10 cm in length.
Light Requirements
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is a lichen species that requires sufficient light for its growth. It prefers to grow in well-lit areas that are not excessively bright. Direct, intense sunlight can cause the lichen to dry out and become discolored. Partial shade is ideal for its growth requirements.
Temperature Requirements
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum thrives in mild to cool climates. It can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, but it grows best in temperatures that range from 10°C to 20°C. It can survive in colder temperatures as well, but extreme cold can damage it and affect its growth rate. In warmer temperatures, the lichen becomes less active and has a slower growth rate.
Soil Requirements
As a lichen species, Polymeridium quinqueseptatum does not have roots and does not require soil for its growth. Instead, it grows on other surfaces like tree bark, rocks, and soil. It prefers to grow on rocky surfaces that are shaded by trees or shrubs. The presence of certain minerals like calcium and potassium in the substrate where it grows can affect the lichen's growth and survival rate. It can also survive in areas with poor soil quality like desert regions.
Cultivation Methods:
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is a rare species of lichen that grows on the bark of living trees. To cultivate this species, you will need to find a suitable tree that meets the cultural requirements of the lichen. The selected tree should ideally be free from pollutants and chemical residues, as such substances can adversely affect the growth and survival of the lichen. The lichen prefers growing on the trees that are exposed to moderate sunlight, have a rough bark surface, and adequate moisture.
Watering Needs:
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum requires regular moisture for healthy growth. However, it is important to note that excessive watering can also be detrimental to the health and survival of the lichen. Therefore, a moderate amount of watering is necessary to maintain the moisture content of the bark surface. The frequency of watering can vary depending on the environmental conditions, but generally, once a week is sufficient. Overhead watering must be avoided, and instead, the lichen should be watered directly on the bark surface.
Fertilization:
Fertilization is not required for the growth of Polymeridium quinqueseptatum. The lichen obtains all its nutrients from the atmosphere and the tree bark on which it grows. Over-fertilization can have adverse effects on the lichen's growth, leading to deterioration or death. Avoid applying any chemical fertilizers or compost to the tree on which the lichen is growing.
Pruning:
Pruning is not required for the lichen growth, as it does not pose any harm to the trees on which it grows. If, however, any dead or diseased tree parts are affecting the growth of the lichen or are posing a risk to the overall health of the tree, pruning is necessary. While pruning, ensure that you only remove the affected parts and avoid damaging the lichen growing on the bark surface.
Propagation of Polymeridium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum (Nyl.) R. C. Harris can be propagated through several methods, including:
Division
The most common method for propagation of Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is division. This method involves separating the plants into smaller sections and planting them in new containers. It is best to do this in the spring when new growth is just beginning.
To divide the plant, gently remove it from its pot and carefully separate the roots and the stems into smaller sections. Each section should have at least one healthy stem and root system. Plant each section in a new pot containing well-draining soil, press the soil firmly around the roots and water it thoroughly.
Leaf Cuttings
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum can also be propagated from leaf cuttings. Select a healthy mature leaf from the plant and cut it with a clean and sharp pair of scissors. Dip the base of the leaf in rooting hormone powder to encourage root growth and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Water the potting mix until it is evenly moist and place it in a warm, bright, and humid location. The leaf will begin to root in a few weeks, and new growth will start.
Seed Propagation
Polymeridium quinqueseptatum can also be propagated through seeds. Collect the seeds from a mature plant and sow them in a pot of well-draining soil. Cover the pot with plastic wrap or a clear plastic bag to maintain humidity and place it in a warm, bright, and humid location. Water the potting mix and keep it evenly moist until the seedlings emerge. Once the seedlings have grown large enough, they can be transplanted to a larger container.
Disease Management
One of the common diseases that affect Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is leaf spot. The symptoms of this disease include yellowing, wilting and defoliation of leaves. To manage this disease, affected leaves should be removed and destroyed to prevent the spread of the disease to other parts of the plant. Additionally, fungicides can be applied to prevent the disease from spreading further.
Another disease that affects Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is root rot. The symptoms of this disease include wilting, yellowing and stunted plant growth. Root rot is often caused by overwatering or poor drainage. To manage this disease, it is essential to improve drainage and limit watering. Fungicides can also be used to prevent the spread of the disease.
Pest Management
The most common pests that affect Polymeridium quinqueseptatum are spider mites and scale insects. Spider mites can be identified by the presence of webbing around the leaves, while scale insects appear as small bumps on the plant's stems and leaves. To manage spider mites and scale insects, a regular inspection of the plant should be done. Infected areas should be removed, and a mild insecticide can be applied to prevent further spread. Organic insecticides are preferred over harsh chemicals as they are less harmful to the plant and the environment.
Another pest that affects Polymeridium quinqueseptatum is mealybugs. These pests are often found in clusters on the plant's leaves and stems. Infected plants should be isolated, and affected areas removed. A mild insecticide can also be applied to prevent further spread, and as with spider mites and scale insects, organic insecticides are preferred over harsh chemicals.
