Origin
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis, commonly known as mountain smartweed, is native to North America and is commonly found in the eastern and central regions of the United States and southern Canada.
Common Names
Mountain smartweed, mountain knotweed, mountain pinkweed, and wild pink.
Appearance
Mountain smartweed is a perennial herb that grows to about two to four feet tall and spreads through its rhizomatous roots. The leaves are alternate, oval, and range from two to six inches long and half an inch to two inches wide. The leaves have a waxy coating and appear bluish-green. The flowers are pink and appear in dense clusters on the plant. They bloom from July through October. The plant's stems are erect and mostly unbranched with a green to reddish-brown hue.
Uses
Mountain smartweed has been traditionally used by Native Americans for medicinal purposes, including treating gastrointestinal disorders, diarrhea, and fever. The plant contains tannins, which have astringent properties that can help to tighten and dry mucous membranes. It is considered an effective herb in treating ailments related to the respiratory and urinary tracts.
Mountain smartweed's root has an antiseptic property, making it useful in treating infected cuts and wounds. It is also rich in vitamin C and has been used to prevent scurvy.
Light Requirements
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum typically grows in full sun to partial shade. In its natural habitat, it is commonly found growing on the edges of forests and open areas where it receives dappled sunlight. When grown indoors as a houseplant, it should be placed near a bright window that receives at least 3-4 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
This plant is native to mountainous regions and can tolerate a fairly wide range of temperatures. It prefers cool to moderate temperatures, but is capable of surviving extreme temperatures as low as -20°C (-4°F) and as high as 35°C (95°F). However, the optimal temperature range for its growth is between 15-26°C (59-79°F). It is important to protect the plant from cold drafts and sudden temperature fluctuations.
Soil Requirements
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. In its natural habitat, it is commonly found growing on rocky slopes and cliffs with thin soil. When grown in containers, a mix of peat moss, perlite, and sandy loam soil can be used to recreate its natural growing conditions. It is important to avoid overwatering as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation methods
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis is a relatively easy plant to cultivate and care for. It grows well both in full sun and partial shade and prefers slightly acidic soil with good drainage. Planting can be done in the spring or fall, and it is recommended to space the plants about 12 to 18 inches apart.
Watering needs
Watering is an essential aspect of caring for Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis. The plant prefers moist soil but does not tolerate waterlogged conditions, so it is crucial to water regularly but not excessively. The frequency of watering will depend on various factors, such as the climate, humidity level, and soil type, among others. During hot and dry weather, the plant may require more frequent watering.
Fertilization
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis generally does not require heavy fertilization. A light application of well-balanced fertilizer in the spring can be beneficial for healthy growth. However, it is important to avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
Pruning
Pruning is not usually required for Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis, but it can be beneficial for maintaining a compact and tidy appearance. Pruning can be done in late fall or early spring by removing any overgrown or damaged branches. Deadheading faded flowers regularly can also promote repeat blooming and encourage the plant to focus its energy on new growth.
Propagation of Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis
The Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis, also known as the mountain swamp knotweed, can be propagated by seeds, cuttings, and division.
Propagation by seeds
The most natural way to propagate P. buxiforme var. montanum is by using seeds. The plant produces seeds after flowering. The flowering period usually occurs in late summer. A mature plant of this species produces viable seeds that can germinate the following spring. To increase the probability of success, the seeds should be collected before they fall from the plant. They should be sowed in a well-draining mix of peat moss and perlite or sand. The seeds should be covered with a thin layer of soil, and the container should be kept moist and warm. The ideal temperature for germination is between 68-75°F. The seeds take about one to three weeks to germinate.
Propagation by cuttings
P. buxiforme var. montanum can also be propagated by cuttings, but it is not the preferred method. The cuttings should be taken from a healthy, mature plant. The best time for taking cuttings is in late spring to early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cutting should be about six inches long, and all the leaves should be removed except for the top two or three. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in a mixture of peat moss and perlite or sand. The cuttings should be kept moist and warm. After four to six weeks, they should develop roots and start growing.
Propagation by division
Another way to propagate P. buxiforme var. montanum is by division. This method is suitable for mature plants that have formed a dense clump. Dig out the entire plant, and gently divide the root mass into several sections, each with a new growing point. Replant the divided sections into containers with a well-draining mix of peat moss and perlite or sand. Keep the soil moist and the plants warm until they establish new roots.
Overall, the propagation of P. buxiforme var. montanum can be done by utilizing any of the above methods. The choice of propagation method depends on the grower's preference, the availability of resources, and the time of year.
Disease Management
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis can fall victim to a few common plant diseases such as powdery mildew, leaf spot, and root rot. Powdery mildew can be identified by a white, powdery coating on the leaves, while leaf spot appears as small, dark spots on the leaves. Root rot can be identified by discoloration of the plant roots and wilting of the plant.
To manage powdery mildew, it is important to provide good air circulation around the plant. Remove any infected leaves and sanitize pruning tools between cuts to prevent the spread of the disease. Applying a fungicide can also be effective. For leaf spot, also remove any infected leaves, and do not water the leaves, only the base of the plant. For root rot, proper drainage is essential. Avoid over watering and adding too much mulch around the base of the plant.
Pest Management
Polygonum buxiforme Small var. montanum (Small) R.J. Davis can also be infested with pests such as spider mites and caterpillars. Spider mites can be identified by the presence of webbing on the plant, while caterpillars leave holes in the leaves.
To manage spider mites, wash the plant leaves regularly with a strong stream of water. Applying insecticidal soap or neem oil can also be effective. For caterpillars, remove any visible caterpillars and their eggs by hand. Apply an insecticide if necessary, but be sure to follow the instructions carefully.
