Origin and Common Names
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small, more commonly known as American bistort or western bistort, is a herbaceous perennial plant that is native to North America, specifically the western regions of the United States and Canada.
The plant is part of the Polygonum genus, which includes many species commonly known as knotweeds or smartweeds.
Appearance
American bistort typically grows to be about one to three feet tall, with a slender stem and narrow, lance-shaped leaves that are around six inches long. The leaves are typically green in color but may turn shades of red or orange in the fall.
The plant produces small, pink or white flowers in the summer months, which are arranged in a dense, cylindrical shape on the top of the stem. The flowers are edible and hummingbirds are known to feed on them.
American bistort is a hardy plant that can thrive in a variety of soil types and is often found in meadows, sagebrush deserts, and other open areas, at altitudes of up to 11,000 feet.
Uses
American bistort has been used by Native American tribes for its medicinal properties, primarily for its astringent and antiseptic qualities. It has also been used to treat digestive issues, sore throats, and other ailments.
The plant has ornamental value and is cultivated in gardens for its attractive flowers. Its roots can also be eaten and were traditionally harvested by Native Americans during the fall.
Light Requirements
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium commonly grows in open, sunny areas, especially in meadows and grasslands. The plant thrives in areas where it receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The plant is typically found in cool, subalpine and alpine areas. It can tolerate temperatures as low as -40°F and is frost tolerant. The plant can survive in both warm and cool temperatures, but the optimal temperature range for its growth is 55°F to 75°F.
Soil Requirements
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. The plant commonly thrives in soils that are slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 5.5 to 7.5. The plant is tolerant of nutrient-poor soils that are common in alpine and subalpine areas.
Cultivation Methods
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small, commonly known as mountain bistort, is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows best in well-drained soils. It can grow in various soil types and pH ranges, but it prefers slightly acidic soil.
The plant grows well in full sun to partial shade and requires a minimum of six hours of sunlight daily. It is vital to ensure the plant has enough space to spread since it can grow up to two feet tall and two feet wide.
Watering Needs
The mountain bistort requires moderate watering, especially during hot and dry weather. Water the plant deeply but infrequently to avoid root rot. Avoid overhead watering, as the moist leaves can invite fungal diseases. Instead, water the plant at its base to keep the leaves dry. Allow the soil to dry between watering to prevent waterlogging.
Fertilization
The mountain bistort does not require frequent fertilization since it can grow well in nutrient-poor soil. However, you can apply a balanced fertilizer or compost once per year in early spring or before the growing season. This helps to improve soil fertility and plant growth.
Pruning
The mountain bistort can benefit from occasional pruning to promote bushier growth and prevent it from becoming too spindly. Prune the plant after blooming but avoid pruning it to the ground, as it can hamper its growth. Instead, remove the flower stalks and the top third of the plant's foliage. This will allow the plant to put its energy back into the roots and promote fuller growth.
Propagation of Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small, commonly known as western bistort or mountain bistort, is a perennial herb that belongs to the family Polygonaceae. This plant is native to the western United States and Canada, including British Columbia, Alberta, Washington, Oregon, California, and Nevada. It is commonly found in meadows, rocky slopes, and forest openings.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Polygonum bistortoides is through the use of seeds. The seeds can be collected from mature plants in the fall, after the seed heads have turned brown. The seeds should be cleaned and dried, and can then be stored in a cool, dry place until planting.
To germinate the seeds, they should be planted in a well-draining soil mix in the fall or early spring. The seeds should be lightly covered with soil and kept moist until they germinate, which can take several weeks to several months. Once the seedlings are large enough to handle, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden.
Division Propagation
Another method of propagating Polygonum bistortoides is through the division of mature plants. This method is best done in the fall after the plant has finished flowering. The plant should be dug up and carefully divided into several sections, each with its own roots and shoots.
The divided sections can be replanted immediately in the garden or potted up and kept in a protected area until spring. It is important to keep the soil moist and not to let the plants dry out during the division process.
Cuttings Propagation
A less common method of propagating Polygonum bistortoides is through stem cuttings. This method can be done in the spring or early summer when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be taken from new growth that is several inches long and has several sets of leaves.
The cuttings should be dipped in rooting hormone and then planted in a well-draining soil mix. They should be kept in a protected area and kept moist until they have rooted, which can take several weeks. Once the cuttings have rooted, they can be transplanted into individual pots or directly into the garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium (S. Wats.) Small, commonly known as Rocky Mountain bistort, is a tough native perennial plant that can tolerate harsh weather conditions and grow in challenging environments. However, like any other plant, it can fall victim to pests and diseases that can weaken it and eventually kill it if not managed well. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is a common fungal disease that is commonly seen in plants that are overwatered or planted too close together. It starts by causing small, reddish-brown spots on the leaves that later turn black and skinned over.
To manage leaf spot, keep the plants well ventilated, ensure good drainage, and avoid overwatering the plants. You can also spray the plant with a fungicide labeled for use against leaf spot.
Root Rot: Root rot is caused by a fungus that thrives in water-saturated soil. It causes the roots of the plant to rot, leading to wilting and eventually death.
To manage root rot, avoid planting the plant in waterlogged soil and ensure proper drainage. Prevent overwatering the plant and remove any dying or dead plants immediately from the garden to prevent the spread of the fungus.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are tiny, sap-sucking insects that can cause stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. They also produce a sticky substance called honeydew that attracts fungus and ants.
To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong stream of water to dislodge them from the leaves, or use insecticidal soap to control their population. You can also introduce natural predators such as ladybugs, lacewings, and parasitic wasps to control their population.
Mites: Mites are tiny arachnids that suck the sap of the plant, leading to discoloration and deformation of leaves. They also produce webbing that covers the plant.
To manage mites, use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population. You can also introduce predatory mites to control their population.
Polygonum bistortoides Pursh var. linearifolium is a beautiful and hardy plant that can add color and texture to your garden. By following these disease and pest management tips, you can keep your plant healthy and thriving for years to come.
