Origin and Common Names
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is a species of flowering plant that belongs to the family of Plumbaginaceae. The plant is commonly known as Field Centipede Grass and is native to Europe, Africa, and Asia. It can be found in countries such as Italy, Spain, Turkey, Egypt, and Morocco.
General Appearance
Field Centipede Grass is a perennial plant that grows up to 30cm in height. It has an erect stem with numerous branches that are short and hairy. The leaves are narrow and linear, measuring up to 25mm in length and 1-2mm in width. The flowers are small, greenish, and inconspicuous, grouped in dense spike-like inflorescences that are up to 10cm long. The plant produces small, oval-shaped fruits that are about 1mm in diameter and have a reddish-brown color.
Uses
Traditionally, Field Centipede Grass has been used for medicinal purposes. It has been reported to have diuretic, antidiarrheal, and anti-inflammatory properties. The plant has also been used as a treatment for renal problems and as a diaphoretic in cases of fever. Additionally, the leaves of the plant have been used as a laxative and applied externally to wounds and sores. Field Centipede Grass has been used as a fodder for livestock in many parts of the world. It has been reported to be highly palatable and nutritious. In some areas, the plant has been used for soil stabilization due to its extensive root system.
Growth Conditions for Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is a perennial herb that grows well in a variety of conditions. Let us discuss the typical growth conditions required by this plant.
Light Requirements:
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. generally prefers full sunlight to partial shade. It can also tolerate some shade, but insufficient light may cause it to grow poorly and not produce the characteristic flowers and seeds. So, it is best to grow this plant in a location where it can receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements:
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is a tough plant that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures. It can grow well in both hot and cold climates, and even in extreme temperatures. However, the plant grows best when the temperature is between 15 to 20°C.
Soil Requirements:
The plant prefers well-drained soils that are rich in organic matter. It can also grow in soils with varying pH levels ranging from slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. The plant is drought-tolerant and does not require much watering once established. However, it does not tolerate waterlogged soils and heavy clay soils.
Overall, Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is a relatively easy plant to grow. With proper care and attention, it can thrive in a variety of conditions and provide an attractive display of flowers.
Cultivation Methods for Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr., also known as the field broom or simple field broom, is a plant that grows well in sandy or light soils. The best time to plant this species is either in the spring or autumn months. The plant requires full sunlight to grow to its full potential, and it is advisable to plant it in an area where it can receive direct sunlight throughout the day. The ideal temperature for the plant to grow is between 15°C to 22°C. If the temperature drops below 10°C, it may affect the growth of the plant. This plant can grow up to 15-30 cm in height and spread up to 30-60 cm in width.
Watering Needs for Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
The watering needs of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. are minimal. The plant requires moderate watering during the growing season and can go without water for long periods. It is essential to avoid over-watering the plant as this can lead to root rot, which may damage the plant. It is advisable to check the soil moisture level before watering to avoid overwatering the plant. The best time to water the plant is in the morning, as this allows for the water to be absorbed efficiently before the heat of the day.
Fertilization of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. does not require frequent fertilization. However, it is recommended to apply a slow-release fertilizer during the growing season. The ideal time to fertilize the plant is in the early spring. It is essential to avoid over-fertilizing the plant, as this can lead to leggy growth and impact the overall health of the plant.
Pruning Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
Pruning of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is optional and not necessary for the plant's growth. However, pruning can help to maintain the plant's shape and encourage new growth. It is advisable to prune the plant in the early spring before the growing season begins, as this will allow the plant to recover quickly from the pruning. When pruning, it is essential to use sharp and clean pruning tools to prevent damage to the plant. It is also advisable to remove any dead or damaged branches to keep the plant healthy.
Propagation of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr.
The most common method for propagating Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is through seeds.
Seed collection and storage
The seeds of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. mature in late summer to early fall. It is essential to collect the seeds before they disperse naturally. Mature seeds are brown and firm. Collect the seeds from healthy and mature plants to ensure their viability. Dry the seeds at room temperature in a well-ventilated area. Store the dry seeds in an airtight container in a cool, dark, and dry location until planting.
Seed treatment
The seeds of Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. have a hard seed coat. Soaking the seeds in hot water for a few hours before planting can break the dormancy. Another method is to scarify the seed coat manually with sandpaper or a sharp knife. This treatment facilitates germination by allowing water and air to penetrate the seed coat.
Planting
Sow the treated seeds in well-draining soil or a mixture of sand and peat moss. Plant the seeds at a depth of 1/4 inch, and keep the soil moist. The seeds will germinate within two weeks if the temperature is between 21-24°C. Transplant the seedlings to their permanent location after they develop their second set of true leaves.
Disease Management
Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. is susceptible to a range of diseases, which can cause significant damage if left untreated. Here are some of the most common diseases and ways to manage them:
- Downy mildew: This disease can cause yellow spots on leaves, which may eventually turn brown. Fungicides can be sprayed to prevent further spread of the disease. It is also important to remove infected plants to prevent the disease from spreading to healthy plants.
- Anthracnose: This can cause spotting on young leaves, which eventually turn brown and dry. Preventive measures include planting in well-draining soil and avoiding overhead watering. Copper-based fungicides can also be used to prevent the spread of the disease.
- Rust: This disease appears as yellow, orange, or reddish brown pustules on leaves, stems, and flowers. Remove infected plant parts and treat with fungicides to control the spread of rust.
- Root rot: This disease can cause the roots to decay and eventually kill the plant. To prevent root rot, make sure the soil is well-draining and avoid overwatering. Fungicides can also be used to control the disease.
Pest Management
There are also several pests that can affect Polycnemum arvense L. var. simplex Wallr. Here are some common pests and ways to manage them:
- Aphids: These insects can suck the sap from the leaves and stunt plant growth. Spray water on the leaves to remove aphids or use insecticidal soap or neem oil to control their population.
- Leafhoppers: These insects cause yellowing of leaves and curling. Remove infected leaves and use insecticides to control the population of leafhoppers.
- Spider mites: These pests can cause yellowing and wilting of leaves. Use a strong stream of water to remove the mites from the plant and apply insecticidal soap to the leaves to kill any remaining mites.
- Cutworms: These pests feed on the leaves and stems of young plants, causing significant damage. Use collars around the stems of the plants to prevent cutworms from getting to them. Insecticides can also be used to control their population.
