Origin and Common Names
Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern, also known as Polycarena selaginioides, is a species of the flowering plant family Orchidaceae. It is native to the Madagascar region of Africa and is commonly referred to as the Selaginoides Polycarena or Madagascar Polycarena.
General Appearance
The Selaginoides Polycarena is a small to medium-sized orchid plant, typically growing up to 20 centimeters in height. It is characterized by its lance-shaped leaves that are up to 18 cm long and 2 cm wide. This plant also has showy bright yellow flowers, with sepals about 10 mm long and a lip about 7 mm long that is distinctly 3-lobed.
Uses
Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern is primarily used as a botanical specimen, making it popular in orchid collections and horticulture. Its yellow flowers also make it a popular ornamental plant. In traditional medicine, the flowers have been used for a variety of purposes including as a treatment for fever and infertility. However, these uses have not been scientifically proven.
Light Requirements
Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern is a shade-loving plant and requires low to moderate light conditions. It grows naturally in forest understory, which provides filtered light to the plant. Exposing the plant to direct sunlight can cause leaf scorch and damage to the plant.
Temperature Requirements
The Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern plant prefers moderate temperatures ranging from 18 to 24°C (65 to 75°F). The plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) and as high as 28°C (82°F) but only for short periods. Sudden temperature changes can affect the growth of the plant.
Soil Requirements
The Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern plant prefers well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The soil should have a slightly acidic to neutral pH, ranging from 5.5 to 7.0. The plant can also grow in sandy soils with good drainage. However, the soil should always be kept moist, but not waterlogged, to maintain optimum growth conditions for the plant.
Cultivation Methods
Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern, commonly known as African terrestrial orchid, is a low-growing plant that can thrive in well-lit indoor spaces or outdoor gardens. This plant requires a well-draining soil mix with a pH range of 5.5-6.5 and moderate air circulation. The best time to plant is just before or after the rainy season, and the ideal temperature range is 15-28 degrees Celsius.
Watering Needs
The African terrestrial orchid requires moderate watering. It is best to water the plant when the topsoil is dry, and not to overwater as it can lead to root rot. It is important to ensure that the pot has good drainage to prevent waterlogging. During the winter months, reduce watering to help maintain plant health.
Fertilization
Polycarena selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern can benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season, from early spring to late summer. Use a balanced fertilizer with a ratio of 20:20:20 nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, or a specialized orchid fertilizer. It is recommended to fertilize once a month or as per the fertilizer manufacturer's instructions.
Pruning
Pruning African terrestrial orchids is not necessary as they grow slowly, but it doesn't hurt to remove yellow or brown leaves using sterilized scissors to keep the plant looking its best. Be careful not to cut into the healthy parts of the plant, which can cause damage or introduce diseases. Also, remove any diseased or damaged sections as soon as they are identified to prevent the spread of the disease to the rest of the plant.
Propagation Methods for Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern
Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern is a terrestrial orchid that naturally occurs in the afroalpine and Afromontane regions of Sub-Saharan Africa. Although this orchid species is rare in cultivation, it can be propagated using the following methods:
Division
Division is the easiest and most common method of propagating Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern. The orchid plant is carefully removed from its pot, and the clump is gently divided into smaller sections, each having at least three to four healthy pseudobulbs. The divided segments are then planted in new containers filled with orchid mix and kept in a warm and humid environment with indirect sunlight.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation can also be used to propagate Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern. The orchid's capsules mature after flowering, releasing numerous small seeds that can be sown onto sterile, moist medium or orchid mix. The container is then covered with a plastic lid or a clear plastic bag to retain moisture and warmth. The seedlings should be kept in a shaded area and should be misted regularly to prevent dehydration.
Tissue Culture Propagation
Although not commonly used, tissue culture propagation can also be employed to propagate Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern. Tissue culture involves obtaining tissue from the orchid's meristems and culturing it in a sterile laboratory environment. The tissue cultured plants are typically disease-free, and numerous plants can be propagated in a relatively short time. However, tissue culture requires specialized facilities, equipment and skilled personnel.
Disease and Pest Management for Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern
Polycarena Selaginoides Schltr. ex Hiern, commonly known as the bog torch orchid, is a plant that is susceptible to various diseases and pests. It is important to implement proper management techniques to ensure the health and longevity of the plant.
Common Diseases
One common disease that affects Polycarena Selaginoides is crown rot, which is caused by excessive moisture around the base of the plant. This disease can be managed by avoiding overwatering and implementing proper drainage systems. Fungal diseases, such as black spot and powdery mildew, may also attack the plant. These diseases can be managed by pruning affected areas and applying appropriate fungicides.
Common Pests
There are several pests that may attack Polycarena Selaginoides, such as aphids and mealybugs. These pests can be managed through manual removal or by applying insecticides. Spider mites may also attack the plant, which can be managed by increasing the humidity in the growing area and using insecticides.
Preventative Measures
Implementing proper cultural practices is essential to prevent diseases and pests from attacking the plant. This includes proper watering techniques, adequate lighting and ventilation, and regular sanitation practices. It is also important to monitor the plant regularly for signs of diseases or pests, as early detection can prevent further damage.
Overall, proper disease and pest management techniques are crucial to maintain the health of Polycarena Selaginoides. By implementing preventative measures and addressing any issues promptly, the plant can thrive and grow to its full potential.
