Origin and Common Names
Poinsettia havanensis, commonly known as Havana Poinsettia, is a species of flowering plant belonging to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America, particularly in the city of Havana in Cuba, where it gets its name.
General Appearance
The Havana Poinsettia is an evergreen shrub that can grow up to 6 feet tall and wide when fully mature. It has a bushy and sparsely branched growth habit, with dark green leaves that have toothed edges and measure up to 8 inches long. The plant's stems are reddish in color, with milky sap that can cause skin irritation.
In winter, the Havana Poinsettia produces clusters of small, pale yellow flowers that are surrounded by showy, bright red bracts measuring up to 2 inches long. The flowers bloom from November to January.
Uses
The Havana Poinsettia is mainly grown as an ornamental plant, especially during the Christmas season, for its vibrant and eye-catching display of red bracts. It is also used in traditional medicine, particularly in Mexico, to treat various health conditions such as skin inflammation, fever, and stomach disorders. However, caution should be exercised as the plant's sap can cause skin irritation and eye damage if ingested.
Light Requirements
The Poinsettia havanensis plant prefers bright, indirect light for optimum growth. Illumination for 12 to 14 hours each day can be provided by placing the plant near a sunny window with an eastern or western exposure. Prolonged exposure to direct sunlight can scorch the leaves and harm the plant, so it is best to shield it from direct sun rays by using window shades or filters.
Temperature Requirements
The Poinsettia havanensis plant thrives in temperatures ranging from 60°F to 70°F (15°C to 21°C). It is vital to protect the plant from both cold and hot drafts. Avoid placing the plant in a location that experiences temperature fluctuations, such as next to doors or windows that may be opened frequently.
Soil Requirements
The Poinsettia havanensis plant requires well-draining, nutrient-rich, and slightly acidic soil. Soil with a pH between 6.0 and 6.5 is perfect for plant growth. The best soil for Poinsettia havanensis is a well-balanced mixture of sand, peat moss, and perlite. Good soil aeration is critical to prevent root rot, which can damage or kill the plant.
Cultivation Methods of Poinsettia Havanensis
Poinsettia Havanensis is a tropical plant primarily found in Mexico and Cuba. It requires a warm climate for growth and can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors. The ideal temperature for its growth is between 60°F to 70°F.
The plant requires well-draining soil that is moist but not waterlogged. Choose a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight but avoid direct sunlight in the midday when the sun is at its strongest.
For indoor cultivation, place the plant in a well-lit area with an average temperature of 65°F to 70°F. Ensure the plant is not kept in a drafty spot and cover it during the nighttime if the temperature falls below 60°F.
Watering Needs of Poinsettia Havanensis
The plant requires moderately moist soil for optimal growth. Water the plant when the soil feels dry to the touch, but avoid overwatering. Too much water can lead to root rot and cause damage to the plant.
Ensure proper drainage by placing the plant in a pot with drainage holes and avoid letting the plant sit in water for prolonged periods.
Fertilization of Poinsettia Havanensis
Use a balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 during the growing season, which is from spring to early autumn. Feed the plant every two weeks for optimal growth.
Avoid using fertilizers during the dormant season, which is from late autumn to early spring.
Pruning of Poinsettia Havanensis
Prune the plant in the late winter or early spring to encourage new growth and maintain its shape. Cut off any dead or weak branches with clean, sharp garden shears. Be sure to disinfect the shears before and after pruning to prevent the spread of disease.
Pinch back the tips of the stems to encourage bushier growth, and remove any spent blooms or leaves to maintain the plant's appearance.
Propagation of Poinsettia havanensis
Poinsettia havanensis (Willd. ex Schlecht. & Cham.) Small, commonly known as Havana poinsettia, is a native Mexican plant that belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. Propagation of this plant is relatively easy and can be done by using seeds and stem cuttings.
Propagation by Seeds
The most common propagation method for Poinsettia havanensis is by using seeds. Seeds are usually harvested from mature plants and should be sown in well-draining soil. The seeds are small and require a light covering of soil. It is recommended to water the soil immediately after planting the seeds and then continuously keep the soil moist until germination occurs, which usually takes around 2-4 weeks. After this, the seedlings can be transplanted when they are large enough to handle, usually around 4-6 weeks after germination.
Propagation by Stem Cuttings
Propagation by stem cuttings is another common method for Poinsettia havanensis. Stem cuttings should be taken from mature plants during the growing season when the plant is actively growing. Cuttings should be taken from healthy stems, which should be around 10-15 cm long and have at least two nodes. Cuttings should be taken in the morning when the plant is turgid.
Once the stem cuttings are taken, remove the bottom leaves and place the cut end into a rooting hormone. After this, place the stem cuttings in well-draining soil and water immediately. The cuttings should be kept in a warm and humid environment and should be sprayed with water regularly. Rooting typically occurs in 4-6 weeks, after which the young plants can be transplanted in pots or containers.
