Overview of Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides is a small to medium-sized epiphytic fern that belongs to the Polypodiaceae family. Known by various common names such as Resurrection Fern, Selaginella Fern, Miracle Fern, and Grey Polypody, it is native to the southeastern region of the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, and Central and South America.
Description of Pleopeltis polypodioides
With a unique growth pattern, Pleopeltis polypodioides germinates and grows primarily on bark, rocks, and other living and non-living substrates such as fences and roofs. The fern grows erect, with fronds that are typically three to six inches tall, composed of leathery, glossy green leaflets. It is the strange behavior of the fronds that gives the fern its common name "resurrection", as they can dry up and curl during periods of drought but return to life when they are rehydrated.
Uses of Pleopeltis polypodioides
The Resurrection Fern has been used for medicinal purposes by indigenous peoples of North and South America. It was used for treating stomach pain, dysentery, and to assist in childbirth. Additionally, Pleopeltis polypodioides is a valuable plant for the horticulture industry, especially as an ornamental plant for terrariums, hanging baskets, and vertical gardens.
Furthermore, the fern has several ecological benefits such as providing shelter and forage for various species of animals and insects. Resurrection ferns are also utilized for reforestation, restoration of wetlands, and as a tool for studying the effects of air pollution on plants and their ecosystems.
General Appearance of Pleopeltis polypodioides
Pleopeltis polypodioides has a unique appearance, with clusters of erect fronds on a single stem that are typically three to six inches tall. The leaflets of the fronds are flat, leathery, and glossy green on the upper surface, while the lower surface is coated with pale, non-glandular hairs. The plant is named for its ability to revive itself, and as such, this fern will undergo changes in its appearance when subjected to varying levels of moisture levels. During drought periods, it will become brown and withered, but when hydrated, it quickly returns to its vibrant green color.
Light requirements
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides, also known as Resurrection fern, prefers shady to partially shady areas for optimal growth. The plant can survive in areas with either direct or indirect sunlight, but direct sunlight can damage the plant's fronds. Optimal light conditions for the plant include a mixture of both sun and shade.
Temperature requirements
The Resurrection fern prefers warm and humid environments. The plant's optimal temperature range is between 70°F (21°C) and 85°F (29°C). Temperatures above or below this range can affect the plant's growth and health. During colder months, the plant can tolerate temperatures as low as 45°F (7°C), but it remains dormant during winter.
Soil requirements
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides grows best in well-draining, moist soils. The soil should be rich in organic matter and have a slightly acidic to neutral pH range between 5.5 and 6.5. The Resurrection fern is also relatively adaptable and can grow in a variety of soil types, including sandy, loamy, or clay soils. However, the soil should not be waterlogged or constantly wet, as this can lead to root rot.
Cultivation
Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides, commonly known as the Resurrection Fern, is a tropical plant that primarily grows in the regions of Florida and other Southeastern states. This plant prefers to grow in humid areas with partial shade. It can be propagated through spores or by dividing the clump of fern.
Watering Needs
The Resurrection Fern prefers moist soil, but it is crucial to avoid overwatering. Overwatering can cause root rot or fungal diseases. The plant can survive long periods without water because it can undergo a state of desiccation and then recover once it receives water again. It is best to water the plant when the top layer of soil is dry to the touch.
Fertilization
The Resurrection Fern does not require frequent fertilization. Fertilization can be done once a month during the warm months using a balanced fertilizer. Avoid fertilizing during winter months as it can cause harm to the plant.
Pruning
The Resurrection Fern does not require frequent pruning. It can be trimmed occasionally to remove dead fronds or to prevent overcrowding. Regular trimming can also help to promote new growth as well. Do not cut off all the fronds of the plant; the fern needs some fronds to carry out photosynthesis.
Propagation of Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides
The Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides is a fern species that can be propagated in different ways, including through spores, division, and vegetative reproduction.
Propagation through Spores
Spores are small and dust-like structures produced by ferns for reproduction. To propagate Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides through spores, collect mature fronds that have spores on their undersides. Place the fronds in a paper bag, and let them dry for a few days until the spores fall into the bag. Sow the spores on a peat moss and sand mix, keep them moist, and wait until they germinate into small prothalli. Transplant the prothalli carefully into small pots, and provide ideal growing conditions until they mature into ferns.
Propagation through Division
Division involves separating a mature plant into two or more sections and planting them into individual pots. It is a simple propagation method that works well for Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides. To divide a mature plant, remove it carefully from its pot, and separate the root ball into two or more sections using a clean, sharp tool. Plant each section in a pot with fresh potting mix, and water thoroughly. Maintain the new plants in ideal growing conditions until they are established and actively growing.
Vegetative Reproduction
Vegetative propagation is a method that involves using plant cuttings or tissue culture to produce new plants. It is a less common propagation method for Pleopeltis polypodioides (L.) Andrews & Windham ssp. polypodioides, but it can be successful. To propagate through cuttings, choose healthy fronds from a mature plant, and take stem cuttings that are at least 5cm long. Dip the cut ends in rooting hormone, and plant them in a peat moss and sand mix. Keep them moist and warm, and wait until they root and produce new growth. For tissue culture, collect tissue from a healthy plant, and place it in a sterile, nutrient-rich medium. Wait for small plantlets to develop, and transfer them into individual pots with potting mix after they have developed a few leaves.
Disease Management
The most common diseases that Pleopeltis polypodioides is susceptible to are fungal infections. These include leaf spot, root rot, and anthracnose. To manage these diseases, it is important to ensure proper cultural practices. This includes adequate spacing between plants to promote air circulation, avoiding overwatering, and pruning diseased plant parts. Fungicides may also be used as a preventative measure but should be applied prior to the onset of symptoms.
Pest Management
The most common pests that affect Pleopeltis polypodioides are mealybugs and scale insects. These pests are sap-suckers and can weaken the plant if left untreated. Manual removal of the pests with a cotton swab or by using a high-pressure water spray can be an effective control method. Insecticidal soaps and horticultural oils can also be used to control these pests. It is important to limit the use of broad-spectrum insecticides as they can also harm beneficial insects that can help control pest populations.
