Overview
Platanthera macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. is a species of orchid that is commonly known as greater purple fringed orchid. It is native to North America and can be found in wetlands, meadows, and forests throughout Eastern Canada and the United States. The plant is known for its beautiful purple flowers and its use in herbal medicine.
Appearance
The greater purple fringed orchid is a herbaceous perennial that can grow up to 100 cm in height. It has a single stem that is erect and smooth, with slightly hairy leaves that can measure up to 17 cm long and 5 cm wide. The plant blooms from June to August, producing one to several spikes of bright purple flowers, each spike containing up to 40 flowers that are 2-3 cm long. The flowers have long and narrow petals that are deeply fringed, giving the plant its common name.
Uses
The greater purple fringed orchid has been used in herbal medicine for centuries. The dried roots of the plant were used by Native American tribes to treat a variety of ailments, including coughs, colds, and digestive issues. The plant was also used to treat wounds and infections, and to alleviate pain. Today, extracts from the plant are still used in traditional medicine for similar purposes. However, due to its endangered status in many parts of its range, it is strictly protected and no longer widely used.
Light Requirements
Platanthera macrophylla prefers partial to full shade conditions for optimal growth. This plant species thrives well under the canopies of trees, near moist areas where adequate shade is provided.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers cold conditions for its growth. The distribution of Platanthera macrophylla is limited to areas that have sustained low temperatures throughout the year, usually between 5 and 20 °C. However, this plant species can tolerate moderate temperatures of up to 25 °C for a short duration.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers moist and well-drained soil. It grows well in soils rich in organic matter, with a pH ranging between 5.5 to 7.0. However, Platanthera macrophylla can adapt to a wide range of soils, including loamy and sandy soils, as long as there is adequate moisture.
Cultivation Methods
Platanthera macrophylla, commonly known as the Greater Purple-fringed Orchid, grows best in well-drained soil with a slightly acidic pH level. It requires partial shade to full sun exposure and prefers cool temperatures between 50 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit.
It is best to plant Platanthera macrophylla in the fall or early spring, as this allows the roots to establish before the heat of summer. The plant should be spaced at least 12 inches apart. Keep in mind that this plant is native to the eastern United States and can be found mostly in the Appalachian Mountains.
Watering Needs
Proper watering is essential for the healthy growth of Platanthera macrophylla. The plant should be watered regularly, particularly when the top 1 inch of soil feels dry. However, care must be taken not to overwater the plant as it can cause root rot. To avoid this, make sure the soil has good drainage and only water the plant enough to keep the soil moist.
Fertilization
Platanthera macrophylla does not require frequent fertilization, as excessive nutrients can cause harm. Instead, apply a slow-release granular fertilizer during spring when new growth appears. Avoid fertilizing during the summer months as this can cause the plant to grow too quickly and weaken the roots. A typical orchid fertilizer will work well for Platanthera macrophylla.
Pruning
Platanthera macrophylla does not require pruning. However, to maintain its appearance, it is recommended to remove any yellow or damaged leaves with sterilized pruning shears. Pruning should be done during the dormant period, which is typically in winter. As the plant ages, the leaves may yellow and die back essentially reducing the overall size of the plant, but not requiring pruning.
Propagation of Platanthera macrophylla
Platanthera macrophylla, commonly known as the large round-leaved orchid, is a beautiful flowering plant that is native to North America. It is a terrestrial orchid that grows in moist woodlands and meadows. Propagation of this plant can be done through various methods such as division, seed propagation, and tissue culture.
Division
Division is the easiest and most common method of propagating Platanthera macrophylla. It involves dividing the plant clump and replanting the divisions. The best time to divide the plant is during spring or fall when the plant is not actively growing. Dig up the clump carefully and separate the shoots. Each shoot should have a few roots attached. Plant the divisions in a new location with appropriate soil conditions.
Seed Propagation
Platanthera macrophylla can also be propagated from seed. Collect the seeds in the fall, when the seedpods have dried and turned brown. Store the seeds in a cool and dry place until the following spring. Soak the seeds for 24 hours in warm water before planting. Plant the seeds in a well-draining soil mix and keep them moist until they germinate. It may take several years for the plant to reach maturity.
Tissue Culture
Tissue culture is a more advanced method of propagating Platanthera macrophylla. It involves taking a small cutting from the plant and growing it in a sterile, nutrient-rich environment. This method ensures that the new plant is genetically identical to the parent plant. However, tissue culture requires specialized equipment and knowledge, and it is not a common method for home gardeners.
With these propagation methods, Platanthera macrophylla can be grown and enjoyed in your garden for years to come.
Disease and Pest Management for Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl.
Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. is a beautiful plant that grows in the eastern parts of North America. As with any other plant, it can fall prey to pests and diseases, which can affect its health and impact its growth and flowering. To help protect your Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. and keep it healthy, here is some information on common diseases and pests that affect the plant and how to manage them.
Leaf Spot Disease
Leaf spot disease is a fungal infection that affects many orchids, including Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. It manifests as small, dark spots on leaves that gradually enlarge and turn yellow or brown. To manage leaf spot disease, remove any infected leaves from the plant, taking care to sanitize your tools between cuts to avoid spreading the fungus. It's also important to reduce the humidity around the plant and to avoid overhead watering, which can facilitate the growth and spread of the fungus. Fungicidal treatment can also be used, but it's best to consult with a professional to choose the right product and application method.
Slugs and Snails
Slugs and snails are common pests that can damage Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. by chewing on leaves and stem tissue. To manage slugs and snails, create physical barriers around the plant, such as copper wire, to prevent them from reaching it or use slug bait to lure and kill them. You can also encourage natural predators of slugs and snails, such as birds and hedgehogs, to make a home in your garden.
Spider Mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the sap of plants, including Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. Infected plants may show a web-like covering on their leaves, and the leaves may turn yellow or white. To manage spider mites, isolate the infected plant and wipe the leaves with a damp cloth to remove any mites. You can also apply insecticidal soap or neem oil to ward off the pests. However, be careful not to apply these products in direct sunlight, as they can cause the leaves to burn.
Final Thoughts
Proper maintenance and care can go a long way in protecting Platanthera Macrophylla (Goldie) Lindl. from pests and diseases. Regularly inspect your plant for signs of damage or infection and take prompt action to address any issues. Remember to also maintain the soil moisture, keep the plant in a well-ventilated area, and provide it with sufficient sunlight and nutrition to help it thrive.
