Overview
Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John is an evergreen tree that belongs to the Sapotaceae family. This plant is also known by several common names such as Molokai noui, Millaa Millaa, and Plum Pine. The plant is native to the Pacific region, particularly in the tropical rainforests of Northern Queensland and some Pacific islands.Appearance
The Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John is a tall, slender tree that can grow up to 30 meters tall. The mature tree has dense foliage with a conical shape. The leaves are glossy, leathery, broad, and spathulate, which means they are spoon-shaped with a round tip. The leaves are typically 10-20 cm long, and dark green in color. The flowers are small, fragrant and produce bead-like fruits that are edible. The fruit is globular, 3-4 cm in diameter, and has thin yellow skin. The fruit flesh is juicy with a sweet, aromatic flavor, and a brown seed in the center.Uses
The Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis has many uses. The fruit of this tree is edible and is often consumed fresh or cooked. The fruit can also be made into jams or other preserves. The tree's bark has medicinal properties and is used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and fever. The tree also has strong commercial uses- its wood is ideal for furniture making, tool handles, and construction.Cultivation
The Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis prefers a tropical climate and can grow in moist and well-drained soils. It can also be grown in full sun or partial shade. The plant is easy to propagate from seeds that germinate within a few weeks. It is a slow-growing tree that can take up to seven years to produce fruit, but once fruit production begins, it is usually quite fruitful. It is easy to maintain and requires occasional pruning to keep it in shape. In conclusion, the Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis is an attractive and useful tree with edible fruit, medicinal properties and other commercial uses. It is highly valued for its beauty and versatility, making it an ideal addition to gardens and farms in tropical regions.Light Requirements
Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis grows best in full sun to partial shade. It needs at least 4-5 hours of direct sunlight each day for optimal growth and development.
Temperature Requirements
This plant has a preference for warm weather and does best in tropical or subtropical locations. It grows well in temperatures that range from 68-86°F (20-30°C).
Soil Requirements
Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis thrives in well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. It grows best in soil with a pH between 5.5 and 7.5 and requires regular fertilization with a slow-release, balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth.
Cultivation Methods of Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John
The Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John is a tropical evergreen tree that requires warm and humid conditions to thrive. For optimal cultivation, the plant must be grown in a location that receives partial shade and has well-draining soil.
Propagation can be achieved through seed germination or vegetative cuttings. To ensure seedling success, seeds should be planted immediately after harvesting or stored in airtight containers in a cool, dark location. Vegetative cuttings can be taken from mature trees during the growing season and placed in a rooting hormone before planting.
Watering Needs of Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John
The Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John has moderate water requirements. While the plant should never be allowed to dry out, it is crucial not to overwater as this can lead to root rot. The frequency of watering will depend on the temperature, humidity, and soil conditions of the plant's location. It may be useful to check the moisture content of the soil regularly to ensure that it stays damp but not saturated.
Fertilization of Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John
The Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John benefits from regular fertilization during the growing season. An appropriate fertilizer will contain a balanced blend of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, as well as trace minerals. It is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions when applying fertilizer to avoid overfeeding, which can damage the plant.
Pruning of Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John
Pruning is an essential care technique for Planchonella spathulata (Hbd.) Pierre var. molokaiensis (Levl.) St. John. Mature trees require regular pruning to shape and control their growth, promote flowering and fruiting, and remove damaged or diseased branches. Pruning should only be done during the growing season, and it is essential to use clean, sharp pruning tools to avoid causing additional damage to the plant.
Propagation of Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis
Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis is commonly propagated through seeds, cuttings, and air layering.
Propagation by Seeds
Seeds of Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis are readily available from mature fruits. The fruits are usually collected during the ripe stage and the seeds are extracted. The seeds are then scarified and soaked in water overnight. After soaking, the seeds are sown in a well-draining soil mixture and kept moist until germination. Germination usually takes around 2-3 weeks.
Propagation by Cuttings
Propagation by cuttings is also an effective way to propagate Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis. Cuttings are usually taken from semi-hardwood stems during the summer months. The cuttings are then treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-draining soil mix. The cuttings should be kept moist and placed in a warm, bright location. Rooting usually takes around 6-8 weeks.
Propagation by Air Layering
Air layering is a more advanced method of propagation, but it is also highly effective. The process involves wounding the stem and applying a rooting hormone to the exposed area. A moist sphagnum moss is then wrapped around the wound and secured with plastic wrap. The moss should be kept moist until roots form, which usually takes around 2-3 months. The rooted portion of the stem can then be cut off and planted in a well-draining soil mix.
Disease Management
Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis is generally not susceptible to many diseases, but some common ones include:
- Root Rot: This fungal disease can cause the roots to rot, leading to the death of the plant. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil is well-draining and avoid over-watering the plant.
- Powdery Mildew: This fungal disease causes a white, powdery coating on the leaves, which can stunt plant growth and reduce yield. To prevent powdery mildew, ensure that there is proper air circulation around the plant and avoid over-irrigation.
- Leaf Spot: This bacterial disease causes dark spots on the leaves, which can eventually cause the leaves to die and fall off. To prevent leaf spot, remove infected leaves promptly, avoid overhead watering, and maintain proper plant spacing.
Pest Management
Planchonella spathulata var. molokaiensis can be affected by a few pests, including:
- Scale Insects: These insects can cause yellowing of leaves, wilting of branches, and even death of the plant. To prevent scale insects, use sticky traps and insecticidal soap to control their populations.
- Mealybugs: These pests can infest the leaves and stem of the plant, causing wilting and yellowing. To avoid mealybug infestation, use neem oil or insecticidal soap and ensure that the plant is not stressed due to over-irrigation or insufficient light.
- Caterpillars: These pests can eat through leaves, damaging the plant's foliage. To prevent caterpillar damage, use natural predators like birds or introduce Bacillus thuringiensis, a natural bacterial insecticide, to prevent populations from growing.
