Planchonella ceresolii - Origin and Common names
Planchonella ceresolii, also known as Rock sapote or Red mabolo, is a species of tree that belongs to the family Sapotaceae. The tree is native to the Philippines, particularly in the Visayas and Mindanao regions.
Planchonella ceresolii - General Appearance
The Planchonella ceresolii can grow up to 20 meters tall and bears glossy, leathery, and oval-shaped leaves that are crowded at the tips of the branches. It also has small, greenish-yellow flowers with 6 petals that are clustered at the tips of the branches. This tree bears a fruit that has a black and slightly bumpy outer skin. The fruit is generally round-shaped, approximately 3-5 cm in diameter, and contains 1-2 seeds. The flesh of the fruit is smooth, creamy, and has a sweet juicy taste.
Planchonella ceresolii - Uses
The Planchonella ceresolii is widely used in the Philippines for medicinal and culinary purposes. The sweet, juicy, and creamy flesh of the fruit makes it a popular ingredient in making desserts, smoothies, and shakes. The fruit is also used in traditional medicine to treat skin allergies, diarrhea, cough, and fever. The bark and leaves of the tree are also used in treating various ailments such as stomach pain and rheumatism. The Planchonella ceresolii also has a strong timber that is used for construction and furniture-making due to its durability and resistance to decay and insect damage.
Overall, Planchonella ceresolii is a versatile tree with various benefits and applications both in the culinary and medicinal aspects, making it a valued species in the Philippines.Growth Conditions for Planchonella ceresolii (Rock) St. John
Light: Planchonella ceresolii (Rock) St. John requires full to partial sunlight for proper growth. It can tolerate shade, but it may result in slower growth and reduced fruiting. Therefore, it is advisable to plant it in an area that receives adequate sunlight.
Temperature: The plant grows best in tropical to subtropical climates with temperatures ranging between 20 to 30 degrees Celsius. It cannot tolerate frost or extreme cold temperatures, which may damage the plant's leaves and fruits.
Soil Requirements: Planchonella ceresolii (Rock) St. John prefers well-draining, loamy soil that is rich in nutrients. It thrives in soils that are slightly acidic to neutral, with a pH range of 5.5 to 6.5. The soil should be moist but not waterlogged, which may result in root rot. Adding organic matter, such as compost or leaf litter, to the soil can improve its texture and nutrient content.
Water: The plant requires regular watering, especially during the dry season, to maintain its growth and fruit production. However, overwatering should be avoided, as it may lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilizer: Planchonella ceresolii (Rock) St. John can benefit from regular fertilization, particularly during the growing season. Using a balanced fertilizer, with an NPK ratio of 10-10-10, can promote healthy growth and enhance fruiting. However, excessive use of fertilizer can result in burnt leaves and reduce fruit quality.
Pruning: The plant may require occasional pruning to remove dead or damaged branches, promote airflow, and maintain its shape. Pruning should be done during the dormant season to avoid stressing the plant.
Cultivation
Planchonella ceresolii, commonly known as Ceresoli's marmalade, is a tropical tree that thrives in moist and well-drained soils. It is best to cultivate the plant in locations with a warm and humid climate, such as the tropical rainforests in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The plant requires partial shade, and it can grow up to a height of 25 meters.
Watering Needs
Planchonella ceresolii requires frequent watering, especially during the summer months. The plant must have a consistent supply of moisture to ensure healthy growth, and the soil must not dry out completely. It is best to monitor the soil moisture levels and water the plant as needed.
Fertilization
The plant requires a balanced fertilizer with a 3:1:2 or 4:1:2 ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It is best to apply the fertilizer every three to four months during the growing season. Excessive fertilization may result in the growth of weak and leggy branches.
Pruning
Planchonella ceresolii needs minimal pruning, especially during the early stages of growth. However, pruning may be necessary to remove dead or diseased branches. It is best to prune during late winter or early spring before the new growth begins. Care must be taken not to prune more than 20% of the tree in one season, as this may cause damage to the plant.
Propagation of Planchonella ceresolii
Planchonella ceresolii is a tropical rainforest tree that produces sweet, edible fruit. Propagation of this species can be done through several methods:
Seed Propagation
Planchonella ceresolii can be propagated easily through seeds. The mature fruit should be gathered and allowed to ripen completely until it falls naturally from the tree. The seeds can then be extracted and sown in potting soil mix in either seed trays or individual pots. The seeds must be kept moist, warm, and in a partially shaded environment. Germination usually occurs within 2-4 weeks. Once the seedlings reach a height of 6-8 inches, they can be transplanted to their permanent growing spot.
Air Layering
Air-layering is a preferred method of propagation for Planchonella ceresolii. The trunk's lower branch of the tree can be selected, and its bark is removed from a small section. The area that has been exposed is then covered with rooting hormone, and a ball of wet moss is bound on top with plastic wrap. The rooting hormone will help trigger root growth that will occur on the trunk above the moss ball. After the roots have established, the newly rooted stem can be cut off the parent plant and planted in a new location.
Grafting
Grafting is another propagation method that is suitable for Planchonella ceresolii. The method involves taking a cutting from a desirable cultivar and grafting it onto a rootstock of a similar plant. Since the optimum harvesting time for Planchonella ceresolii is relatively short, grafting can be used to get a quicker return of investment for commercial growers. Grafting can also maintain some cultivars' distinct characteristics that might not be maintained through seedlings.
Disease and Pest Management for Planchonella Ceresolii
Planchonella ceresolii, also known as Yellow Sapote, is a tree plant that is native to the tropical rainforests of Australia. Since it is a tropical plant, it is essential to keep it disease-free and pest-free to maintain its healthy growth. Here are some common diseases and pests that may affect this plant and the ways to manage them.
Common Diseases
Anthracnose: This is a fungal disease that causes dark, sunken spots on the leaves and fruits of the plant. It can also affect the flowers and twigs, which may result in early leaf drop. To manage this disease, prune out infected leaves and fruits and destroy them. Fungicides can also be applied to manage the disease, but they should be used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Root Rot: This is a fungal disease that causes the roots to rot and die, leading to the death of the entire plant. To manage this disease, avoid overwatering the plant and ensure that the soil has good drainage. Propagating the plant through cuttings is also advisable since it decreases the risk of root rot.
Common Pests
Scale Insects: These pests are small, oval-shaped insects that attach themselves to the leaves and stems of the plant, feeding on its sap. A severe infestation can cause the plant to wilt and lose leaves. To manage this pest, wipe off the scales with a soft cloth dipped in alcohol. For a severe infestation, pest-specific insecticides can be applied.
Mealybugs: These pests are white, cottony, and feed on the plant's sap, resulting in stunted growth and yellowing of leaves. To manage this pest, prune out infected stems and leaves and destroy them. Insecticidal soap can also be applied to manage the pest, but it should be used according to the manufacturer's instructions.
Overall, it is important to maintain a healthy growing environment for Planchonella ceresolii by avoiding overwatering, providing adequate sunlight, and regularly checking for diseases and pests. Taking these measures will ensure the plant's optimal growth and a bountiful yield.
