Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M. Johnston var. fallax I.M. Johnston
Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M. Johnston var. fallax I.M. Johnston is a low-growing, annual plant that belongs to the Boraginaceae family. It is commonly known as the mountain popcornflower or the false popcornflower.
Origin
Plagiobothrys tener is native to western North America, spanning from British Columbia to California. It can be found in mountain meadows, open forests, and along roadsides.
Appearance
The plant has a slender stem that grows up to 40 centimeters tall. The leaves are linear with pointed tips and grow up to 5 centimeters long. The flowers are small, white or pale blue, and have yellow centers. They are arranged in clusters at the end of the stem and bloom from late spring to early fall.
Uses
Plagiobothrys tener is used in traditional herbal medicine to treat coughs and respiratory problems. The seeds of the plant were used by indigenous tribes as a food source, hence the name "mountain popcornflower".
In modern times, Plagiobothrys tener is often used as an ornamental plant for gardens and rockeries. It is easy to grow and attractive to pollinators such as bees and butterflies.
Light conditions
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax typically grows in areas with partial to full sunlight exposure. In general, this species tends to thrive in habitats with more light than shade. However, it can also tolerate some shade, particularly during the hottest parts of the day. Overall, a moderate amount of light is ideal for this plant's growth and development.
Temperature requirements
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax prefers moderate temperatures, ranging from approximately 18-25°C (65-77°F). While this plant can tolerate slightly higher temperatures, it may not grow as vigorously or produce as many flowers under extreme heat. Cooler temperatures may slow down growth or even induce dormancy.
Soil preferences
The ideal soil for Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax is well-drained and moist, with a neutral to slightly acidic pH range. Sandy loam to loamy soil textures are preferred, although this species can also grow in other soil types. This plant does not tolerate waterlogged soils and may experience iron deficiency if grown in highly alkaline soils. Incorporating organic matter into the soil can help improve soil fertility and structure, promoting optimal growth of this species.
Cultivation Methods
Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M. Johnston var. fallax I.M. Johnston, commonly known as Alkali Marsh Carpet, is a California native wildflower that grows in wet and alkaline soils in marshes, meadows, and other damp places. To cultivate this plant, it is essential to mimic its natural habitat. Be sure to sow the seeds in early spring or late fall, when the temperature is cool, and soil is damp.
The seeds should be scattered at the surface of the soil and should not be covered with soil, as they require light to germinate. Germination typically takes 10-15 days. Once the seedlings have emerged, thin them out to 6-8 inches apart to prevent overcrowding.
Watering Needs
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax requires regular watering to keep the soil moist. However, it is essential to avoid waterlogging or allowing water to accumulate around the plant's roots. Installing a drip irrigation system can be beneficial, as it will help deliver water to the roots slowly and consistently without causing soil saturation.
During the summer months, it may be necessary to water the plant every two to three days to keep the soil consistently moist.
Fertilization
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax does not require a lot of fertilizer, as it is well adapted to growing in alkaline soils. Too much nitrogen can lead to overgrowth and can cause the plant to become leggy.
Consider adding a slow-release fertilizer in early spring to help the plant establish roots. Avoid adding fertilizer after the summer months, as it can promote late-season growth, which can make the plant susceptible to frost damage.
Pruning
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax is a low-growing plant that does not require a lot of pruning. However, it is essential to remove any dead or damaged leaves and stems, and to trim back any overgrowth to keep the plant looking tidy.
Trimming away the spent flowers can help prolong the blooming period and encourage the plant to produce more flowers. If you wish to collect seeds from the plant, it is essential to wait until the flowers are completely dry, and the seedheads have turned brown before collecting them.
Propagation of Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax
There are several methods to propagate Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax, including seed collection and division.
Seed Collection
Plagiobothrys tener var. fallax produces numerous small, black seeds that are ready for collection towards late summer or early fall. Once the seeds have turned black, the seed stalks can be cut and inverted into a paper bag, allowing the seeds to ripen and fall into the bag. Another option to collect seeds is to place a paper bag over the seed head and secure it with a rubber band, allowing the bag to catch the seeds as they mature. It is important to note that since P. tener is an annual plant, seeds should be collected each year to ensure a successful propagation.
Division
Dividing P. tener var. fallax is another method of propagation. As the plant is an annual, it forms a rosette of leaves in its first year of growth, and then elongates with a stem and produces flowers in its second year. In its second year, the plant can be carefully lifted from the ground and divided into sections. Each division should have a clear stem and healthy root system. The divided sections can then be replanted in appropriate soil and watered regularly until established.
Disease Management
Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M. Johnston var. fallax I.M. Johnston is prone to certain diseases, including:
- Anthracnose: This disease is caused by a fungal pathogen which leads to the appearance of brown spots on the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves may also develop necrotic lesions. The best way to manage anthracnose is by ensuring proper air circulation around the plants, removing affected leaves, and using fungicides.
- Powdery mildew: This disease manifests as a white or grayish powder on leaves, stems, and flowers. It spreads quickly in conditions of high humidity and low air circulation. To manage powdery mildew, it's advisable to ensure adequate spacing between plants to encourage air circulation. Additionally, one can use fungicides and avoid overhead watering which can promote the spread of spores.
- Root rot: This disease is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Phytophthora and can result in stunted growth and plant death. To manage root rot, avoid overwatering or planting in poorly-draining soils, and use fungicides.
Pest Management
Some of the pests that might affect Plagiobothrys tener (Greene) I.M. Johnston var. fallax I.M. Johnston include:
- Aphids: These tiny insects feed on the sap of the plant and can cause curling or yellowing of leaves. To manage aphids, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil.
- Spider mites: These are not actual insects but are more closely related to spiders. They are often identified as tiny red or brown spots on leaves and spin fine webs. To manage spider mites, one can use insecticidal soap or neem oil, and ensure adequate air circulation around the plants.
- Thrips: These insects feed on the sap of the plant, causing irregular yellow patches. The best way to manage thrips is by using sticky traps or using insecticides like neem oil or spinosad.
