Overview
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. is a plant species endemic to Africa. This plant is known for its unique, pretty foliage and fragrant flowers. It is commonly used for ornamental purposes in gardens and landscaping, and it also has medicinal uses in traditional medicine.
Common Names
The plant is commonly known as the Cheesewood, Black Cheesewood, or Green Flower Pittosporum. In some parts of Africa, it is also referred to as Hlungwanyenyeka, which means "a tree with strong wood."
Appearance
The Cheesewood is an evergreen shrub or small tree that can grow up to 7 meters tall. It has a straight trunk with dark brown bark, and a dense, spreading crown of glossy green leaves. The leaves are ovate or elliptical, measuring up to 15 cm long and 7 cm wide, with a smooth margin and a pointed tip. The leaves have a shiny, leathery texture, and emit a distinct scent when crushed. The flowers are small and creamy-white, fragrant, and arranged in dense clusters at the tips of the branches. The fruit is a small, woody capsule that splits open to reveal dark-colored seeds.
Origin and Distribution
The Cheesewood is native to the eastern regions of Africa, including Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, and South Africa. It is commonly found in open, wooded savannahs or on rocky outcrops, and it is also cultivated in gardens and parks as an ornamental plant.
Uses
The Cheesewood has various uses in traditional African medicine. The bark and roots of the plant are used to treat stomach problems, diarrhea, and fever. The leaves and flowers are used to treat respiratory infections, coughs, and colds. The plant also has insecticidal properties and is used to repel or control insect pests in crops and gardens. Additionally, the plant is used for ornamental purposes in landscaping and garden design, thanks to its attractive foliage and fragrant flowers.
Light Requirements
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum requires moderate to full sunlight to grow. It can tolerate some shade, but not for extended periods. Ideally, it should receive at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum is between 20-25°C (68-77°F). It can tolerate temperatures as low as 10°C (50°F) and as high as 35°C (95°F), but it may not grow as well in extreme temperatures. It is important to protect the plant from frost and freezing temperatures.
Soil Requirements
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum prefers well-draining, fertile soils with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (around 6.0-7.0). It can grow in a range of soil types, including sandy, loamy, and clay soils. However, soils that are too compact or waterlogged can inhibit growth and cause root rot. Adding organic matter like compost or fertilizer can improve soil quality and promote healthy growth.
Cultivation methods
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. is a hardy plant that is easy to grow. The plant prefers well-drained soils and a sunny to partially shaded location. It can be grown in a variety of conditions, including coastal areas, urban environments, and gardens. Propagation can be done by seeds or cuttings. The seeds should be sown in spring, and the cuttings should be taken from mature wood in fall. The plant can also be propagated by layering, which involves bending a stem towards the ground and burying it until roots are formed.Watering needs
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. requires regular watering, especially during the dry season. The plant prefers soil that is evenly moist and well-drained. However, be careful not to overwater as this can lead to root rot. It is best to water deeply rather than frequently. A good rule of thumb is to water the plant when the top inch of soil feels dry to the touch. During the winter, the plant can tolerate less frequent watering.Fertilization
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. benefits from fertilization during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with equal amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium can be used. The fertilizer can be applied every four to six weeks. Be careful not to over-fertilize the plant as this can lead to excessive growth and weak stems. It is best to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package.Pruning
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. can be pruned to maintain its shape and size. Pruning is best done during the dormant season, which is in late winter or early spring. Dead or damaged branches can be removed at any time. To maintain the plant's natural shape, only trim back the tips of the branches. Avoid cutting back more than one-third of the plant at any one time as this can stress the plant.Propagation of Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod.
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. can be propagated using several methods, including:
Seed propagation
The plant can be propagated from seed. Seeds must be sown when fresh in a well-drained potting mix. The seedlings should be kept in a warm and humid area until they are large enough to transplant into individual containers or into the garden. However, propagation from seed is not reliable as seed germination can be slow and irregular.
Cutting propagation
The plant can also be propagated using cuttings. Semi-hardwood cuttings, about 10-15 cm in length, should be taken in summer and autumn. Cuttings should be treated with a rooting hormone and planted in a well-drained potting mix. The cuttings should be kept humid and in a warm area, preferably with bottom heat. After a few weeks, the cuttings should form roots and can be transplanted into individual containers or into the garden.
Division propagation
Division is another way to propagate Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod.. The plant should be dug up and divided into several sections, making sure each section has roots and shoots. Each section should be planted in a well-drained soil mixture. Division should be done in spring or autumn.
Overall, Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. is an easy plant to propagate using these methods, ensuring that new plants can be established in a relatively short time.
Disease Management
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. is a relatively disease-resistant plant. However, it can be affected by several plant diseases, such as:
- Leaf Spot: Leaf spot is caused by a fungal infection that commonly affects Pittosporum species. To manage this disease, prune and destroy affected leaves, ensure proper air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
- Root Rot: Root rot is a common disease that affects plant roots and can cause wilting, yellowing, and death of the plant. To manage this disease, ensure the plant is not over-watered and that the soil is well-drained.
- Dieback: Dieback is the gradual death of branches, usually starting from the tips. This disease can be caused by several factors, including fungi and environmental stress. To manage dieback, prune out infected branches and provide adequate water and nutrients to the plant.
Pest Management
Pittosporum viridiflorum Sims var. malosanum (Baker) Cufod. is also relatively pest-resistant. However, it can be affected by some pests, such as:
- Scales: Scales are small, sap-sucking insects that can infest Pittosporum plants. To manage this pest, spray affected plants with an insecticidal soap or horticultural oil, ensuring to cover the undersides of the leaves where scales commonly reside.
- Aphids: Aphids are tiny, soft-bodied insects that can damage plant tissue and transmit plant viruses. To manage this pest, use a strong jet of water to dislodge them from the leaves, or use a neem oil or insecticidal soap spray.
- Spider Mites: Spider mites are small, spider-like pests that commonly affect Pittosporum plants growing in hot, dry conditions. To manage this pest, ensure the plant is well-watered, mist the foliage to increase humidity and use an insecticidal soap spray.
