Introduction
Pisum sativum elatius is a botanical name for a plant commonly known as Tall Garden Pea or Garden Pea. It is a legume species in the family Fabaceae, which is widely cultivated worldwide for its edible seeds.
Origin
The Tall Garden Pea is believed to have originated in the Mediterranean region, specifically in the area around the eastern Mediterranean and western Asia. The plant has been cultivated for thousands of years, and now it is widely grown in temperate regions around the world.
Appearance
The Tall Garden Pea is an annual plant that grows up to 1.5 meters tall, with slender stems that are covered in hairs. The leaves are pinnate, with 2-3 pairs of leaflets and a terminal tendril that helps the plant to climb. The flowers are white or pink, and they appear in clusters of 2-3 at the ends of the stems. The seeds are small, round, and green, and they are enclosed in pods that can be about 8-10 cm long.
Uses
The Tall Garden Pea has been cultivated for its edible seeds for many centuries. The peas can be eaten fresh, cooked, frozen, or dried. They are a good source of protein, fiber, vitamins, and minerals. The plant is also used as a cover crop because it fixes nitrogen in the soil, which is beneficial for other crops that are grown in the same area. In addition, some cultivars of the Tall Garden Pea are used for ornamental purposes because of their showy flowers and interesting foliage.
Light Conditions
Pisum sativum elatius, commonly known as the garden pea, requires full sunlight to grow and develop properly. Inadequate light exposure can lead to stunted growth, poor yields, and weak plants. As such, it is important to plant these peas in an area that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. In areas with extremely hot climates, light shade may be necessary to prevent the plants from overheating.
Temperature Requirements
Pisum sativum elatius thrives in cool weather conditions. The optimal temperature for growth and development is between 55°F and 75°F (13°C to 24°C). These plants cannot tolerate extremely hot temperatures and will stop growing when the temperature exceeds 85°F (29°C). On the other hand, exposure to frost can also be damaging, and seeds must, therefore, be planted after the last frost date. Once established, pea plants can tolerate moderate frost, but the pods are sensitive to cold and should be protected or harvested before the frost.
Soil Needs
The soil quality and type are crucial in growing Pisum sativum elatius. These plants prefer well-draining, loamy soils that are rich in organic matter. The soil pH should be slightly acidic, between 6 and 7. Inadequate soil quality can lead to poor plant growth, susceptibility to diseases, and inadequate nutrient uptake. Soil preparation should, therefore, involve loosening the soil to a depth of around 6 inches, adding organic matter, and potentially amending with sand or other soil supplements to create a favorable root environment.
Cultivation
Pisum sativum elatius, commonly known as tall pea, thrives in well-drained soils that have a pH of 6.0 to 7.5. Loose, rich soil with plenty of organic matter is ideal for growing tall peas. The plant requires full sun to grow well, so planting it in an area that receives at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight is recommended.
Planting can be done in the spring, as soon as the soil can be worked, at a depth of 1 inch. The seeds should be spaced 2-3 inches apart in rows that are 2-3 feet apart. Providing support for the plant with a trellis or stakes is recommended because it grows tall and may fall over.
Watering Needs
Tall peas require consistent moisture, especially during their growing period, to ensure that they develop properly. Watering should be done at least once a week, but it may need to be increased depending on the climate and temperatures. Watering should be done at the base of the plant, and not from overhead, to keep the leaves dry. Avoid overwatering as excessively wet soil may lead to root rot.
Fertilization
Tall peas benefit from soil that is high in organic matter. Before planting, it is helpful to incorporate compost or well-rotted manure into the soil for added nutrients. Once planted, the plant can be fertilized with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks throughout the growing season. Fertilizer should be applied at the base of the plant, taking care to avoid getting it on the leaves or stem.
Pruning
Pruning tall peas is not necessary, but it can be done to encourage the plant to produce more peas. When the plant reaches about 6 inches tall, pinch off the top growth bud. This will encourage lateral growth and a bushier plant. Once the plant is producing peas, pick them regularly to promote continued production.
Propagation of Pisum sativum elatius
Pisum sativum elatius, commonly known as garden pea, can be easily grown from seeds. Propagation is the process of producing more plants from pre-existing ones and can be achieved by several methods.
Seed Propagation
The most common method of propagating Pisum sativum elatius is through seed propagation. Seeds should be planted in well-draining soil, with a soil temperature of at least 10°C. Sow the seeds directly into the ground, placing them around 2-3 cm deep. Ensure that the soil remains moist until germination, which should take place within approximately one to two weeks.
Cutting Propagation
Pisum sativum elatius can also be propagated via cuttings. However, this method is a little more challenging and requires some gardening experience to be successful. The cutting should be taken from a young, healthy plant in the early spring. Cuttings need to be taken from the top growth to pretty close to the base of the plant. The cuttings should be 3 to 6 inches in length, with at least one leaf node. Then, the cuttings should be placed in rooting hormone powder and inserted into vermiculite or perlite. Finally, the plant should be watered lightly to keep the soil moist but not soaked.
Division Propagation
Division propagation is a method of propagation often used for herbaceous perennials and is also appropriate for Pisum sativum elatius. The best time to divide plants is in spring when new growth appears. The plant should be removed from its pot or soil carefully, and the root ball should be sliced into sections. Each section should have some roots and a shoot. Then, each section should be replanted separately.
Disease and Pest Management for Pisum sativum elatius
Pisum sativum elatius, commonly known as garden pea, is a popular crop that is prone to a variety of pests and diseases. Here are some of the common diseases and pests that affect this crop, and some ways to manage them:
Diseases
Fusarium wilt: This fungal disease causes wilting and yellowing of lower leaves, and stunted growth. To manage this disease, practice crop rotation, avoid overwatering, and remove infected plants immediately to prevent the spread of the disease.
Downy mildew: This fungal disease causes yellow or brown spots on leaves, accompanied by a fuzzy growth on the underside. To manage this disease, spray with fungicides and avoid over-watering.
Powdery mildew: This fungal disease causes a powdery white growth on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant. To manage this disease, spray with fungicides, remove infected material, and try to improve air circulation around the plants.
Pests
Aphids: These small insects suck sap from the leaves and can stunt the growth of the plant. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or horticultural oil, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.
Cutworms: These larvae cut through seedlings at the base of the stem, causing the plant to die. To manage cutworms, use a physical barrier like cardboard collars around the base of the plants, or use insecticides containing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
Pea weevils: These pests feed on the seeds of the plant, reducing the yield. To manage pea weevils, use insecticides containing pyrethrin, spinosad, or neem oil.
By implementing these disease and pest management strategies, you can help protect your Pisum sativum elatius crop and ensure a healthy harvest.
