Overview
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. is a perennial herbaceous plant native to East Africa. It belongs to the Apiaceae family and is commonly known as Kilimanjaro burnet.
Appearance
The plant has a slender rhizomatous root system and can grow up to 30 cm tall. The leaves are pinnately compound, with small leaflets that are finely toothed and hairy. The flowers are small and white, arranged in umbels, and bloom from June to August.
Geographic Distribution
Kilimanjaro burnet is found in the highland and montane regions of East Africa, including Tanzania and Kenya. It grows in rocky areas, along streams and in crevices at elevations of 2000 to 3000 meters above sea level.
Traditional Uses
The plant has been used traditionally for its medicinal properties. The leaves and roots are used to treat a range of ailments, including stomach and respiratory problems, and as a purgative. The plant is also used as a tea for its calming effect. Kilimanjaro burnet is also used in traditional rituals as an incense to ward off evil spirits.
Cultivation
Kilimanjaro burnet is usually propagated by seed. The seeds are sown in a well-draining soil mix with good moisture retention and placed in a location with bright, indirect light. The plant prefers cool temperatures and high humidity, but can tolerate some drought. It is best suited for rock gardens, container gardens and as a border plant.
Light Requirements
The Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. grows well in full sunlight. The plant requires at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day, although it can tolerate partial shade. Therefore, it is preferable to place the plant somewhere where it can receive a sufficient amount of sunlight.
Temperature Requirements
The plant prefers a moderate temperature between 20°C to 28°C. It can tolerate higher temperatures up to 30°C, but it shows weak growth and produces fewer flowers therein. However, the plant cannot tolerate freezing temperatures, so make sure to keep the temperature above 10°C. If the temperature drops below this level, the plant may die or become dormant until the temperature rises.
Soil Requirements
The Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. prefers well-draining, fertile soil. The plant cannot thrive in waterlogged soils since it can lead to the plant's root rot and death. Therefore, it is always better to plant the Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. in a well-draining soil mixture that includes at least 1/3 sand or perlite. Adding organic matter to the soil can enhance the soil's fertility and improve the plant's growth. This plant can also grow in rocky or poor soils, but it may not yield as much and flowerless.
Cultivation Methods
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. is a relatively easy plant to grow, and it thrives in different types of soil, including sandy and loamy soil. However, it prefers well-draining soil with a pH between 6.6 and 7.3. The plant can grow up to 1.5 meters in height and requires a sunny location with partial shade to reach its maximum potential. It is best to sow the seeds directly in the soil during the springtime. The plant can also propagate from stem cuttings. After germinating, the seedlings should be thinned, leaving enough room for each plant to grow.
Watering Needs
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. requires frequent watering during the growing season, from spring through fall. However, it is essential to water the plant in moderation as it prefers well-draining soil, and overwatering can lead to root rot. Watering the plant once or twice weekly is sufficient, especially during periods of drought or high temperatures.
Fertilization
The plant requires regular fertilization with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth, especially during the growing season. Fertilization should start after the seedlings have established themselves or when the plant starts growing in the spring. Fertilizing the plant every four weeks can help it thrive and reach its maximum potential. However, it is essential to follow the manufacturer's instructions when fertilizing the plant to avoid over-fertilizing it.
Pruning
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. requires minimal pruning, and it is not mandatory for healthy growth. However, pruning can help maintain the plant's shape, promote bushier growth, and improve air circulation. Pruning is best done during the growing season, mainly in the spring or summer. It is best to prune no more than one-third of the canopy, especially for young plants.
Propagation of Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns.
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. can be propagated by both seed and cuttings.
Propagation by Seed:
Seeds of Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. can be collected when they are mature and dry. Sow the seeds in well-draining soil either in a seedbed or in individual pots. Cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil and keep them moist. After seedlings emerge, transplant them to individual pots. Care must be taken to protect the seedlings from direct sunlight until they are well established.
Propagation by Cuttings:
Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. can also be propagated from cuttings taken from mature plants. The cuttings should be taken in the summer and should be about 10 cm long, with several leaves. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and plant them in a well-draining soil mixture of sand and peat. Place the pots in a shaded area and keep the soil moist. After the cuttings take root and start to produce new growth, they can be transplanted to individual pots or a permanent growing location.
Disease Management
Some common diseases that might affect Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. include:
- Fungal infections: Fungal infections like powdery mildew, leaf spot, and root rot can affect the plant. To manage fungal infections, apply fungicides like copper-based sprays or neem oil. Remove the infected branches or foliage and ensure good air circulation around the plant.
- Bacterial infections: Bacterial infections like soft rot or bacterial blight can also affect the plant. To manage bacterial infections, remove the infected foliage or branches and avoid over-watering as it can promote bacterial growth. Apply copper-based sprays or antibiotics to control the disease.
- Viral infections: Viral infections like mosaic virus or yellow vein banding can cause stunted growth, leaf discoloration, and other symptoms. To manage viral infections, remove the infected plant or graft and avoid using contaminated tools or pots. There is no cure for viral infections, and the infected plant parts should be destroyed to prevent further spread.
Pest Management
Some common pests that might affect Pimpinella oreophila Hook.f. var. kilimandscharica (Engl.) C.C.Towns. include:
- Aphids: Aphids can suck the sap from the plant, causing stunted growth and distortion. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or neem oil and remove the affected foliage. Encourage natural predators like ladybugs to control the infestation.
- Spider mites: Spider mites can cause yellowing and discoloration of foliage and webbing on the plant. To manage spider mites, apply neem oil or insecticidal soap and ensure good air circulation around the plant. Using a humidifier can also help control the infestation.
- Whiteflies: Whiteflies can cause yellowing and wilting of the foliage and excrete honeydew, attracting ants and promoting fungal growth. To manage whiteflies, use insecticidal soap or neem oil and remove the affected foliage. Encourage natural predators like lacewings to control the infestation.
