Origin
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb. is a species of plant in the family Urticaceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America, and can be found in areas such as the Yucatan Peninsula, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Common Names
This plant is commonly known as the Artillery Plant, Rockweed, and Baby Tears. The name Artillery Plant stems from the plant's unique way of dispersing its seeds, which explode from the plant when ripe, resembling small bursts of gunfire.
Uses
Pilea microphylla has several medicinal uses, including treating diarrhea, dysentery, and headaches. It is also commonly used as an ornamental plant in terrariums, hanging baskets, and indoor gardens due to its delicate and cascading appearance.
General Appearance
The plant has small, round leaves that are bright green in color and flattened against the stem. Its stems are thin and delicate, with nodes that produce small clusters of flowers and seeds. Pilea microphylla can grow up to 12 inches in height and creates a trailing effect as it matures, making it an excellent choice for indoor hanging baskets.
Light Requirements
Pilea microphylla var. trianthemoides prefer bright, indirect sunlight or partial shade. Direct sunlight can scorch their leaves. They thrive in a location where they can receive at least four hours of bright, indirect light every day.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for the growth of Pilea microphylla var. trianthemoides is between 60-75°F (15-24°C). Temperatures below 50°F (10°C) may damage or kill the plant. During the winter season, it is recommended to keep them away from drafty windows or doors, especially if the temperature drops significantly during the night.
Soil Requirements
Pilea microphylla var. trianthemoides thrives in well-draining, moist soil. They prefer a slightly acidic soil pH ranging from 5.5 to 6.5. The ideal soil mix consists of 2 parts peat moss and 1 part perlite or coarse sand for good drainage which helps to avoid overwatering. It is recommended to repot the plant every one to two years, preferably during the spring season.
Cultivation methods
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb. commonly known as "Artillery Plant" is a fast-growing tropical plant that thrives in warm and humid conditions. To cultivate this plant successfully, provide it with partial to full shade and a well-draining potting mix.
The plant requires moderate care, and it can be propagated through stem cuttings. It is ideal for indoor gardening as it is compact and does not require much space.
Watering needs
The "Artillery Plant" requires moderate watering. Overwatering can cause root rot, so it is essential to allow the top inch of soil to dry out between watering sessions. Watering should be done thoroughly to ensure that the entire root system is moist, but not soaking wet.
The plant will appreciate some humidity, and misting the leaves once or twice a week can be beneficial. However, avoid getting water on the leaves as it can cause damage or diseases.
Fertilization
Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb. can benefit from regular fertilization during the growing season. A balanced fertilizer with an N-P-K ratio of 10-10-10 or 20-20-20 can be applied monthly, according to the package instructions.
Avoid fertilizing during the dormant season as this can harm the plant. It is also essential to flush the soil with plain water once a month to prevent the accumulation of fertilizer salts, which can harm the plant.
Pruning
Pruning is not necessary for the "Artillery Plant," but it can help maintain its shape and promote bushier growth. Pinching back the stems can encourage lateral branching and prevent the plant from becoming leggy.
It is best to prune during the active growing season, when the plant is producing new leaves and stems. Use a clean pair of scissors or pruning shears to avoid tearing or damaging the plant tissue, and only remove up to a third of the plant's total foliage at a time.
Propagation of Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb.
There are several ways to propagate Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb., also known as the Artillery Plant or Rockweed:
1. Stem Cuttings
Stem cuttings are the most common and easiest way to propagate Pilea microphylla. The plant produces lateral shoots regularly, which can be cut with a sharp, clean pair of scissors. Stem cuttings should have at least two leaves and two nodes. Dip the cuttings in rooting hormone and insert them into a moist rooting medium, such as vermiculite or a mixture of peat and perlite. Keep the cuttings in a warm and humid environment until roots appear, then transplant them to a well-draining potting mix.
2. Division
Pilea microphylla can also be propagated through division. When the plant grows too large, gently remove it from the pot and separate the root ball into two or more sections. Each section should have healthy roots and foliage. Plant each division into its own pot with fresh potting mix and water thoroughly.
3. Sowing Seeds
Seeds can be sown in early spring in a well-draining potting mix. Press the seeds gently onto the surface and cover with a thin layer of soil. Keep the soil moist and warm until the seeds germinate. It may take up to three weeks for the seeds to germinate. Once the seedlings have developed a few leaves, transplant them into individual pots.
Propagation of Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb. is relatively easy, and the plant can quickly produce new foliage, making it a great addition to any indoor or outdoor garden.
Disease and Pest Management for Pilea microphylla (L.) Liebm. var. trianthemoides (Sw.) Griseb.
Like any other plant, Pilea microphylla is vulnerable to different types of diseases and pests, some of which can cause significant damage to the plant if not managed effectively. The following are some common diseases and pests that might affect the plant and suggestions on how to manage them.
Diseases
Bacterial leaf spots: This is a bacterial disease that causes small, water-soaked spots on leaves, which later turn brown. The spots may appear oily and greasy and have a yellow halo around them. To manage this disease, you should remove and destroy infected plant parts, avoid overhead watering, and ensure proper air circulation around the plant.
Fungal leaf spots: These are similar to bacterial leaf spots, but they are caused by fungi. They appear as brown or black spots with a yellow halo. To manage this disease, you should remove and destroy infected plant parts, avoid overhead watering, and ensure proper air circulation around the plant.
Root rot: This is a fungal disease that causes the roots to rot, leading to wilting and yellowing of leaves. To manage this disease, you should avoid overwatering, ensure proper drainage, and use a well-draining soil mix. If the disease is severe, you may need to repot the plant in fresh, sterile soil.
Pests
Spider mites: These are common pests that can cause yellowing of leaves and webbing on the plant's surface. To manage this pest, you should wash the plant regularly with a strong spray of water to remove the mites and their webbing. You can also use insecticidal soap or a neem oil solution to control the pest.
Mealybugs: These pests appear as fuzzy, white patches on the plant's surface. They can cause stunted growth, wilting, and yellowing of leaves. To manage this pest, you can use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to remove the mealybugs or use insecticidal soap or a neem oil solution to control the pest.
Aphids: These are small, soft-bodied insects that suck the sap from the plant's leaves, causing them to yellow and curl. To manage this pest, you can wash the plant regularly with a strong spray of water to remove the insects or use insecticidal soap or a neem oil solution to control the pest.
By implementing these disease and pest management strategies, you can keep your Pilea microphylla healthy and thriving.
