Overview
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henonis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle, commonly known as the Henon bamboo or the Black bamboo, is a perennial evergreen plant that belongs to the Poaceae family. Originating in China, this plant has spread throughout the world due to its ornamental qualities and many uses such as in construction, gardening, and crafts.
Appearance
The Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis is an impressively tall, dense, and stately bamboo that can reach up to 30 ft. in height. This plant produces slender culms that are dark green in color and shiny when young, then gradually turn black as they mature, thus earning its popular name – Black bamboo. The culms are tapered slightly at the base and may reach up to 3 inches in diameter. The Henon bamboo also has dark green leaves that are long, narrow, and lance-shaped, which may grow 2 to 5 inches in length.
Uses
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis is a highly versatile plant with various practical uses. Its poles can be used in construction, such as for building walls, flooring, and roofing, because they are sturdy and durable. Additionally, the plant is an excellent choice for landscaping and ornamental gardens due to its impressive stature and striking black bamboo culms that create a dramatic effect. It is also used in craftworks such as basket weaving, and paper making due to its long, slender, and flexible culms. The plant can be grown in containers, making it an excellent option for patio and balcony gardens. Lastly, the Henon bamboo is said to have many medical properties, such as curing fever and stomach problems, in traditional Chinese medicine.
Growth Conditions for Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis is a variety of bamboo that is native to China. It is a popular ornamental plant due to its striking black culms. Here are the growth conditions that are ideal for this plant:
Light Requirements
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis prefers bright, indirect light. It can tolerate some direct sunlight, but it should not be exposed to full sun for extended periods. If the plant is not receiving enough light, its growth may slow down, and its leaves may become yellow.
Temperature Requirements
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis is generally hardy and can tolerate a range of temperatures. However, it grows best in temperatures between 60 and 85°F (15-29°C). It can survive temperatures as low as -10°F (-23°C) but might suffer damage to its leaves and culms if exposed to extreme cold for an extended period.
Soil Requirements
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. The ideal soil pH range for this plant is between 6.0 and 6.5. It can tolerate slightly acidic to slightly alkaline soil conditions. It is essential to avoid soil that is waterlogged because the plant can suffer from root rot in such conditions.
Watering Requirements
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis requires regular watering, especially during the growing season. The plant should be watered when the soil is getting dry. It should not be allowed to dry out completely because this can lead to stress and cause the leaves to turn yellow. Overwatering can also be detrimental to the plant, as it can lead to root rot.
Cultivation Methods
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis requires well-drained soil that is rich in organic matter. The plant thrives in full sun but can tolerate partial shade. The ideal temperature for cultivation is between 20-30°C. This bamboo variety is propagated through division of the rhizomes.
Watering Needs
Bamboos require regular watering, especially during the first two years of growth. During the hot season, watering should be done regularly to keep the soil moist. However, avoid overwatering as it can cause root rot. It is best to water the plant early in the morning or late in the evening hours.
Fertilization
Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis responds well to fertilization. Apply a balanced fertilizer during the growing season. Fertilizer application should be done every four to six weeks. Avoid applying excess nitrogen fertilizer as it can cause the plant to grow too fast and become weak.
Pruning
Regular pruning is essential in the cultivation of Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis. Pruning should be done in late winter before the new shoots appear. Cut off any weak, damaged or dead canes. To maintain the plant's shape, cut off any overgrown or misshapen stems. It is important to use a sharp and sterilized pruning equipment to avoid damaging the stems.
Propagation of Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henionis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle
The Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henionis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle, commonly known as the black bamboo, can be propagated through various methods. These methods include:
Division
Division is one of the most common and easiest methods of propagating Phyllostachys nigra. The plant can be divided in early spring or late fall. Using a sharp, sterilized tool, divide the clump into smaller plants, ensuring that each division has enough roots and foliage. The new divisions can then be planted immediately in well-drained soil.
Rhizome Cuttings
Rhizome cuttings can be taken from mature plants in early spring. Cut sections of the rhizomes about 6 inches long and plant them horizontally in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and warm until new shoots appear.
Cuttings
Phyllostachys nigra can also be propagated through stem cuttings. Take cuttings from a healthy plant in early summer using a sharp, sterilized tool. Cuttings should be about 8 inches long and should have at least one node. Dip the cut end in rooting hormone and plant it in a well-draining potting mix. Keep the soil moist and warm until new growth appears.
Seeds
Phyllostachys nigra can be propagated through seeds, but this method is not commonly used because the seeds are slow to germinate and not always viable. The seeds should be planted in a well-draining potting mix and kept warm and moist. Germination can take from several weeks to several months.
Disease and Pest Management for Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henionis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle
Phyllostachys nigra (Lodd.) Munro var. henionis (Mitf.) Stapf ex Rendle is generally a hardy bamboo plant species, and it is less prone to diseases and pests. However, some common pests and diseases may affect the plant, compromising its health and yield.
Pest Management
Bamboo Mite: During warm seasons, bamboo mites can cause significant damage to the plant. The pests usually suck out the sap from the bamboo culms, causing a buildup of sugary excrement that attracts ants. The consistent removal of ants from the plants can aid in reducing the spread of the pest. When detected early, you can wash off the pest by spraying the plant with water.
Mealybugs: Mealybugs are common bamboo pests. They can attack both young and mature bamboo plants. These pests chew on the plant's leaves and stems, which weakens growth and can eventually cause the plant to die. You can remove mealybugs manually or by using insecticidal soap or neem oil.
Mosquitoes: Mosquitoes breed in the bamboo plant's collected water, causing severe infestations in your lawn. You can regularly inspect your plants for accumulated water and target mosquito larvae areas. Another technique is growing plants that are natural mosquito repellents, such as citronella grass, near your bamboo plantations.
Disease Management
Root Rot: In conditions where there is poor water drainage, bamboo roots can begin to rot. The plant's lower leaves usually twist and turn yellow. To prevent root rot, ensure that the soil has good drainage by mixing it with sand or vermiculite, or adding small stones to the soil.
Bamboo Blight: Common to all bamboo species, bamboo blight is caused by the Fusicoccum fungus. Symptoms include yellow leaves, dry and wilted culms, and leaf drop, and the plant can die slowly. The best control measure involves the use of chemical fungicides or removing and burning affected plant parts before the disease spreads.
By consistently monitoring your plant for pests and diseases, you can control their spread and improve plant health and yield.
