Overview
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand is a low-growing perennial that belongs to the family Polemoniaceae. It is commonly known as moss phlox, creeping phlox, or ground pink and is native to North America.
Appearance
The plant has narrow, needle-like leaves that are evergreen and stay green throughout the year. The stems are small and grow close to the ground, creating a mat-like appearance. During the spring, the plant produces small, five-petaled flowers that range in color from pink, purple, blue, and white. The flowers are arranged in clusters on the tips of the stems and produce a pleasant fragrance. Moss phlox typically reaches a height of only 6 inches but can spread up to 2 feet in diameter.
Uses
Moss phlox is predominantly used as a ground cover owing to its low-growing and fast-spreading nature. It is ideal for covering rocky landscapes, slopes, and borders. Additionally, it is a great choice for rock gardens and containers, where it adds a pop of color and interest. Despite its ornamental appeal, moss phlox has medicinal properties and is used to treat respiratory conditions, such as coughs and bronchitis, as well as digestive troubles. Some Native American tribes used the plant for ceremonial purposes, due to its spiritual significance.
Light Requirements
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand is a species that requires full sun exposure to thrive. The plant must receive at least 6 hours of direct sunlight every day. Insufficient exposure to light can lead to weak stems and small flowers.
Soil Requirements
The plant prefers well-draining soil that is rich in organic matter. A slightly acidic to neutral pH soil ranging from 5.5 -7.0 is ideal for optimal growth. The soil should also be moist, but not soggy. The addition of sand or perlite can help improve drainage.
Water Requirements
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand requires regular watering, especially during prolonged periods of drought. The plant does not tolerate standing water, so it is important to ensure proper drainage. Watering the plant at the base will avoid wetting the foliage and reduce the chances of disease.
Temperature Requirements
This species is hardy and can survive in a wide range of temperatures. Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand can tolerate both hot summers and cold winters, but it prefers temperatures between 60-75°F (16-24°C). In general, it is important to protect the plant from extreme temperature variations.
Cultivation methods
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand, commonly known as moss phlox, has low maintenance needs, making it an easy plant to cultivate. It thrives in well-drained soils and prefers a location with full sun exposure. It can grow in USDA hardiness zones 3-9 and is ideal for rock gardens, gravelly slopes, and borders.
Watering needs
Watering moss phlox is necessary during the first growing season to establish the root system. After which, it can be watered when the soil feels dry to the touch. Overwatering should be avoided as it can lead to root rot and other fungal diseases.
Fertilization
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand doesn't require much fertilization. However, adding organic matter to the soil before planting can provide the necessary nutrients. If needed, you can use a balanced fertilizer in early spring to encourage growth.
Pruning
Moss phlox doesn't require regular pruning, but deadheading the spent flowers can prolong blooming. Pruning is also recommended in the fall to remove any diseased or damaged growth. Additionally, trimming back the plant's woody stems every two to three years can encourage new growth and prevent a bare center.
Propagation of Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand
Phlox subulata L. var. setacea (L.) Brand, commonly known as moss phlox, is a low-growing, herbaceous perennial plant that is native to North America. It is a popular garden plant because of its colorful, showy flowers and its ability to thrive in a variety of conditions. Propagation of moss phlox can be achieved through several methods, including seed propagation, division, and stem cutting propagation.
Seed Propagation
Seed propagation is a relatively easy way to propagate moss phlox, but it can take some time to produce mature plants. The seeds should be sown in the early spring, in a well-draining soil mixture that is kept consistently moist. The seeds should be sown approximately 1/8 inch deep, and spaced at least 6 inches apart. The seedlings should be kept in a warm, bright location, and watered regularly to ensure that the soil stays moist. The seedlings can be transplanted into a larger container or directly into the garden once they have developed a strong root system and are several inches tall.
Division
Division is another easy way to propagate moss phlox, and can be done in the spring or fall. The plant should be dug up and carefully divided into smaller, manageable sections, using a sharp, sterile knife. Each section should have a healthy root system and several stems. The divided sections can then be transplanted into the garden or into a container, in a well-draining soil mixture. The new plants should be watered regularly, and kept in a cool, shaded location until they have formed new roots and started to grow.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Stem cutting propagation is a more challenging method of propagating moss phlox, but can be successful with some patience and care. The cuttings should be taken from a healthy, mature plant in the early summer, and should be approximately 4 inches long. The leaves on the bottom half of the cutting should be removed, and the stem should be dipped in a rooting hormone. The cutting should then be placed in a well-draining soil mixture, and covered with a plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect. The cutting should be kept in a warm, bright location, and misted regularly to keep the soil moist. Once the cutting has formed new roots and started to grow, it can be transplanted into a larger container or into the garden.
Disease Management
Phlox subulata is susceptible to some diseases that can be detrimental to its health and beauty. Here are some of the common diseases that affect this plant and how to manage them:
Botrytis blight
This disease causes the leaves and stems to turn brown or gray and eventually die. To manage botrytis blight, remove and destroy infected parts and ensure proper air circulation and drainage. Fungicides can also be applied following label instructions.
Verticillium wilt
This fungal disease can cause the plant to wilt, yellow, and eventually die. There is no cure for verticillium wilt, so it's important to manage it through good cultural practices, such as avoiding overhead watering, sanitation, and using disease-free plants.
Phytophthora root rot
This disease affects the roots of phlox subulata, leading to stunted growth, wilting, yellowing, and eventual death. To manage phytophthora root rot, use well-draining soil, avoid overwatering, and apply fungicides following label instructions.
Pest Management
Phlox subulata is also vulnerable to pests that can cause damage to the plant. Here are some of the common pests that affect this plant and how to manage them:
Aphids
These small insects suck the sap out of the plant, causing it to wilt and yellow. To manage aphids, use insecticidal soap or oil, or introduce natural predators like ladybugs and lacewings.
Spider mites
Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the plant's sap, causing yellowing and leaf drop. To manage spider mites, boost humidity levels, remove infested leaves, and use insecticidal soap or oil.
Thrips
Thrips are small, slender insects that feed on the plant's leaves and flowers, causing them to deform and discolor. To manage thrips, use insecticidal soap or oil and prune heavily infested areas.
Regular monitoring and quick action are crucial in managing pests and diseases on phlox subulata. By following good cultural practices and using appropriate control measures, you can ensure your plant stays healthy and beautiful.
