Overview
Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britt., commonly known as the Canadian mock goldenrod or woodland goldenrod, is a herbaceous perennial that belongs to the Asteraceae family. The plant is native to North America and can be found in various habitats such as woodlands, meadows, and along roadsides.
Appearance
The plant typically grows up to a height of 3 feet. The stem is erect, sometimes with purple tinges and the leaves are alternately arranged. The leaves are soft and hairy, with prominent veins and toothed edges. The flowers are produced in clusters at the top of the stem and are bright yellow in color, with a diameter of approximately 1/4 inch. The plant blooms from July to September.
Common Names
Philotria canadensis is also known by various other common names such as Canadian sweet coltsfoot, goldenrod, Gray goldenrod, and Woodland Goldenrod.
Uses
Philotria canadensis has been traditionally used for medicinal purposes such as treating gout, rheumatism, and urinary problems. The plant contains anti-inflammatory properties and has been used as a natural remedy for eczema and other skin inflammations. The leaves and flowers are also used to make a tea that can help alleviate colds and coughs. The plant is often used for landscaping and is useful in natural areas and wildflower gardens.
Light Requirements
Philotria canadensis grows best in partial to full shade environments. Direct sunlight can be too harsh for the plant, which may cause the leaves to dry out and wilt. In shady areas, the plant thrives and produces dense foliage.
Temperature Requirements
The Philotria canadensis plant grows in a wide range of temperatures, with optimum growth occurring between 18-24°C (64-75°F). Temperatures below 0°C (32°F) can cause the plant to die out. The plant gets dormant in winters when the temperature drops below 5°C (41°F).
Soil Requirements
This plant can grow well in loamy or sandy soils that have good drainage. The ideal soil pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.2. The Philotria canadensis plant prefers soil that is rich in organic matter. It can grow in wet soils or areas with occasional flooding, but it is better adapted to moist, well-drained soils.
Cultivation
Philotria canadensis, commonly known as Canada mock bishopweed or sweet cicely, is a herbaceous perennial plant indigenous to eastern North America. It is commonly found growing in moist woodlands, wooded slopes, and beside stream banks in partial shade.
The plant grows best in fertile, moist, and well-drained soils, although it can adapt to most soil types. It can be grown from seeds or propagated through root division or cuttings.
Watering Needs
Philotria canadensis requires regular watering to keep the soil moist but not waterlogged. The plant tolerates occasional dry spells but benefits from consistent moisture during the growing season.
To prevent overwatering, it is advisable to allow the top inch of soil to dry out before watering again. Additionally, watering should be decreased in the fall to allow the plant to prepare for winter dormancy.
Fertilization
Philotria canadensis is moderately fertilized, requiring periodic applications of balanced organic fertilizer every six weeks, during the growing season.
The application should be made at the start of the growing season in spring and repeated every month and a half for maximum performance. It is best to avoid using synthetic fertilizers, as they may cause damage to the plant.
Pruning
Pruning can be done in the early spring or early fall, once the plant has gone dormant. The ideal time for pruning is usually from March to April or from September to October.
The plant requires pruning to maintain its shape and for aesthetic purposes. Additionally, pruning removes any diseased or damaged parts of the plant, which can improve its overall health. It is advisable to use clean and sharp pruning shears to make clean cuts and avoid injuring the plant.
Propagation of Philotria canadensis (Michx.) Britt.
Philotria canadensis, commonly known as "Hoary phlox," is propagated through several methods, including seed propagation, stem cutting, and division.
Seed Propagation
Seeds of Philotria canadensis are collected from fully matured fruits that have turned brown in late summer or fall. The seeds are sown in the fall or spring in well-drained soil that is moist and fertile. They should be kept in a shaded area until they germinate, which generally takes 2-3 weeks. Once the seedlings have developed 2-3 true leaves, they can be transplanted to bigger pots or outdoors.
Stem Cutting Propagation
Philotria canadensis can be propagated by stem cuttings collected from the parent plant in the spring or summer. The cuttings should be 4-6 inches long with 2-3 leaf nodes and no flowers. The lower leaves should be removed, and the stem dipped in a rooting hormone before being planted in moist soil. The cuttings should be kept in a shaded area until they form roots, which generally takes 6-8 weeks. Once the roots have developed, they can be transplanted to the desired location.
Division Propagation
Philotria canadensis can also be propagated by division in the early spring or fall when the plant is dormant. The parent plant should be dug up, and the root ball separated into 2-4 sections using a sharp sterile tool. Each section should have several stems and a healthy root system. The new sections can be planted in well-drained soil that is moist and fertile.
Propagation of Philotria canadensis is relatively simple and requires minimal effort.
Disease and Pest Management for Philotria canadensis
Philotria canadensis is a hardy plant that can resist diseases and pests very well, but it can still be affected by a few of them. Here are some common diseases and pests that could affect the plant and ways to manage them.
Diseases
Leaf spot disease: This disease is caused by a fungus that affects the leaves of the Philotria canadensis. It starts with yellow spots that later turn brown or black, and the leaves may fall off. To manage this disease, remove the affected leaves and burn them. Ensure that the plant is watered from below to prevent the leaves from getting wet.
Anthracnose: This is another leaf disease caused by a fungus. It causes brownish spots on the leaves that later become large brown patches. To manage it, cut off all affected leaves, treat the plant with a copper-based fungicide, and avoid overhead watering.
Root rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that attacks the roots of Philotria canadensis. It is usually caused by overwatering or poor drainage. To manage this disease, ensure that the soil is not waterlogged. Remove the affected roots and transplant the plant in well-draining soil.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are usually found on the leaves and stem of Philotria canadensis. They suck sap from the plant, causing the leaves to distort, and also excrete honeydew, which attracts other pests. To manage them, use a hose to spray the plant with water or insecticidal soap.
Spider mites: These pests are tiny and cannot be seen without a magnifying glass. They cause yellowing of leaves and the formation of webs on the plant. To manage spider mites, remove the affected leaves, prune the plant to improve air circulation, and spray it with neem oil.
Scale insects: These pests are usually found on the stems and leaves of the Philotria canadensis. They suck sap from the plant, causing yellowing of leaves and a decrease in plant vigor. To manage them, use a cotton swab dipped in alcohol to remove them from the plant.
With proper care and management, Philotria canadensis can resist most diseases and pests. Always ensure the plant is healthy and growing in optimal conditions to prevent attacks.
