Origin
Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy, commonly known as Wild Sweet Potato, belongs to the Convolvulaceae family. The plant is native to tropical and subtropical regions of Central and South America, including Mexico, Argentina, and Brazil.
Common Names
The plant has various common names, including Purgation Creeper, Wild Sweet Potato, Wild Potato Vine, and Jalap Morning Glory. In some parts of South America, it is known as Camotillo.
Uses
In traditional medicine, Pharbitis cathartica has been used for centuries due to its purgative properties. The plant's roots and leaves are used to treat constipation, cleanse the digestive system, and purify the blood. It is also sometimes used as a diuretic to treat edema, fluid retention, and kidney problems. The crushed leaves are applied topically to treat skin conditions, such as rashes and boils.
Pharbitis cathartica is also popular among gardeners due to its beautiful flowers and fast-growing nature. It is cultivated as an ornamental plant in many parts of the world, including the United States and Europe.
General Appearance
Pharbitis cathartica is a perennial vine that can grow up to 5 meters in length. The plant has a woody stem, and its leaves are heart-shaped with pointed ends, measuring about 6 to 10 cm in length. The leaves are typically green but can have purple pigmentation near the veins under full sunlight. The plant flowers in the summer, producing large funnel-shaped flowers that range in color from white to pale blue or violet. The fruit is a small three-chambered capsule that contains black seeds.
Light Requirements
Pharbitis cathartica requires full sunlight exposure to thrive. It is a sun-loving plant that requires 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Insufficient light can cause the plant to develop weak and spindly stems with small leaves.
Temperature Requirements
The ideal temperature range for Pharbitis cathartica is between 20°C to 25°C. This plant is sensitive to extreme temperatures. Too much heat can cause the leaves to wither, while frost can damage the entire plant.
Soil Requirements
Pharbitis cathartica prefers well-drained loamy soil with a pH range of 6.0-7.5. The soil should be rich in organic matter, and the plant requires moderate watering. The soil should not be too wet, as this can cause root rot, and the plant prefers to be grown in an area with good air circulation.
Cultivation Methods
Pharbitis cathartica or commonly known as morning glory is a fast-growing plant that is easy to cultivate. It can be grown from seeds or cuttings.
If growing from seeds, sow them in well-draining soil about a quarter-inch deep and cover them lightly. Place them in a sunny spot and keep the soil moist until the seeds germinate, usually in about 7-14 days.
If propagating with cuttings, make sure to cut a healthy stem that is at least 2-3 inches long. Plant the cutting into moist soil and keep it in a warm, sunny spot.
Watering Needs
Morning glory plants need regular, consistent watering, especially during the summer months. Keep the soil moist by watering the plant once a week or more frequently if the soil dries out quickly. However, be cautious not to overwater the plant and avoid standing water as it may lead to rot or fungal disease.
Fertilization
Pharbitis cathartica doesn't need too much fertilizer, but it will benefit from an occasional feeding. Fertilize the plant with a balanced fertilizer at the start of the growing season and another one in midsummer. It is best to follow the fertilizer manufacturer's instructions for the recommended amount to use.
Pruning
Morning glory plants tend to grow vigorously, and if left unpruned, they can become unruly. Pruning can also help promote bushy growth and prevent the plant from becoming leggy. Pinch the tips of the plant to encourage branching and remove any yellow or dead leaves regularly. You can also train the vine's growth by tying it to a trellis or support system.
However, avoid severe pruning as it may limit the plant's growth and bloom potential. Also, refrain from pruning during the flowering season as it may disrupt the plant's blooming cycle.
Propagation of Pharbitis cathartica
Pharbitis cathartica, also known as Ipomoea purga, is commonly propagated through seeds and stem cuttings. However, it is essential to note that the plant's seeds need to be exposed to high temperatures before planting to enhance germination rates. The following are the propagation techniques for Pharbitis cathartica:
Seed propagation
Propagation of Pharbitis cathartica through seed involves sowing the seeds in trays or pots filled with a well-draining soil mixture. The seeds must be sown in warm soil with temperatures of around 20-25°C. The soil requires consistent moisture levels to ensure germination. The seeds typically germinate within two to three weeks, depending on the favourable environmental conditions.
Stem cutting propagation
Propagation of Pharbitis cathartica through stem cuttings involves selecting healthy, mature vines with at least two nodes. The stem cuttings should be about 10-15cm in length. Each cutting must have at least two leaves and be root hormone treated before planting. The cuttings should be planted in a pot filled with well-draining soil. The pot should be covered with a clear plastic bag which acts as a greenhouse. This enclosure helps retain humidity to enhance rooting during the propagation period.
In conclusion, Pharbitis cathartica can be propagated through seeds and stem cuttings. Seed propagation requires high-temperature exposure to enhance germination rates, while stem cutting propagation requires rooting hormone treatment and humidity enhancement for successful rooting.
Disease and Pest Management for Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy
Pharbitis cathartica (Poir.) Choisy, a member of the family Convolvulaceae, is susceptible to various diseases and pests. Here are some common diseases and pests that might affect this plant and ways to manage them:
Diseases
Leaf Spot: One of the most common diseases of Pharbitis cathartica, leaf spot is caused by a fungus that attacks the leaves, causing circular or irregular brown spots with yellow halos around the edges. Removing infected leaves and improving air circulation by pruning can provide some protection against the disease.
Root Rot: Root rot is a fungal disease that affects the roots of Pharbitis cathartica, causing them to become mushy and black. This disease is often caused by overwatering or poorly draining soil. To manage root rot, improve soil drainage, and water the plant carefully, making sure to let the soil dry out between waterings.
Mosaic Virus: Mosaic virus is a viral disease that causes discolored and distorted foliage. There is no treatment for mosaic virus, so prevention is key. Avoid planting Pharbitis cathartica near other infected plants and sanitize gardening tools between uses to prevent the spread of the virus.
Pests
Aphids: Aphids are tiny insects that suck the sap from the leaves, causing yellowing and curling. To manage aphids, spray the plant with a strong jet of water to dislodge them, or use an insecticidal soap or neem oil if the infestation is severe.
Spider Mites: Spider mites are tiny pests that feed on the undersides of the leaves and spin webs. They can cause the plant to become dry and stunted. To manage spider mites, spray the plant with a strong jet of water or use an insecticidal soap or neem oil. Increasing the humidity around the plant can also help control spider mites.
Caterpillars: Caterpillars are the larvae of moths and butterflies and can cause significant damage to Pharbitis cathartica by eating the leaves. To manage caterpillars, hand-pick them off the plant, or use an organic insecticide that contains Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt).
By implementing these disease and pest management techniques, you can help ensure your Pharbitis cathartica remains healthy and thriving.
