Origin
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is a species of flowering plant native to western North America, including parts of California, Oregon, and Nevada.
Common Names
This plant is commonly referred to as compact phacelia or simply phacelia.
Uses
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta is used in agriculture and horticulture as a cover crop and soil builder due to its ability to fix nitrogen and improve soil tilth. It is also known to attract bees and other beneficial insects, making it a valuable addition to pollinator gardens. Additionally, certain Native American tribes used phacelia for medicinal purposes, such as treating coughs and colds.
General Appearance
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta is a fast-growing annual plant that can reach up to 3 feet in height. It has alternate leaves that are lance-shaped and hairy, with toothed or lobed margins. The plant produces long, coiled spikes of small, light blue to lavender flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. The flowers are arranged in a tight cluster, giving rise to the common name "compact phacelia."
Light Requirements
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. prefers full sun to partial shade for optimal growth. It thrives in bright and warm environments, making it a suitable plant for regions with hot summers and mild winters.
Temperature Requirements
The typical growth temperature range for Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. ranges between 12-27°C (53.6-80.6°F). This plant can withstand temperatures as low as -12°C (10.4°F) but requires protection. It prefers mild to warm weather conditions with a cooler night temperature, making it adaptable to different temperature zones.
Soil Requirements
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. prefers well-draining soils that are rich in organic matter. It can tolerate a wide range of soil pH levels from slightly acidic to alkaline, with a pH range between 6.0-8.0. The plant seedlings are particularly susceptible to root rot caused by water-logged soil, so it is essential to plant them in well-drained soils. The ideal soil type for this plant is sandy-loam or loamy-sand.
Cultivation Methods
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is a hardy annual plant that grows well in well-draining soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5. The plant requires full sun, but it can still grow well in partial shade. It is recommended to plant the seeds of Phacelia hastata in early spring. The seeds should be sowed directly into the soil and covered with about a quarter-inch of soil. The plant should be spaced at least 12 inches apart to allow for proper growth.
Watering Needs
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. requires regular watering, especially during the growth phase. The plant should be watered deeply once a week, but it is essential to avoid over-watering, which can cause root rot. It is advisable to check the soil's moisture level before watering, as the plant is susceptible to under-watering, resulting in stunted growth and reduced yields.
Fertilization
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. responds well to moderate fertilization. Before planting, it is advisable to work well-rotted compost or organic matter into the soil. During the growth phase, the plant should be fed every three weeks with a balanced fertilizer to promote healthy growth and good yields. Care should be taken to avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to soft growth and attract pests and diseases.
Pruning
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is a low-maintenance plant that generally requires no pruning. However, it is advisable to trim the plant's leggy stems and dead flowers to promote bushy growth and encourage blooming. Regular pruning also helps to control pests and diseases, improving the plant's overall health and attractiveness.
Propagation of Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq.
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is a beautiful flowering plant that can be propagated through different methods. These methods include:
Seeds
Seeds are the most common method for propagating Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. The plant is self-fertile, meaning that it can fertilize its flowers without the need for external pollen. The seeds are typically small and black, with a papery texture. They can be sown directly into the soil in the fall, or in the early spring before the last frost date. The seeds should be planted shallowly, no more than 1/16 inch deep, and they require a well-draining soil.
Root cuttings
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. can also be propagated by taking root cuttings. This method is best done in the fall, after the plant has become dormant. Using a sharp, sterile knife, take a 2-3 inch section of root from the parent plant, making sure to keep as many roots intact as possible. Plant the cutting in a pot or directly in the soil, making sure to keep it moist and well-drained.
Division
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. can also be divided through the process of division. This method is best done in the spring or fall when the plant is actively growing. Using a sharp, sterile knife, carefully divide the root system of the parent plant, making sure that each section contains a portion of the existing root system and at least one growing point. Plant each division in a new pot or directly into the soil, making sure to keep it well-watered.
Disease Management
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is usually a hardy plant and not susceptible to many diseases. However, it is prone to some fungal and bacterial diseases that can affect its growth and yield.
Fungal Diseases
One of the most common fungal diseases affecting this plant is powdery mildew. It appears as a white powdery coating on the leaves, stems, and flowers of the plant, leading to deformity and death of the plant. To manage this disease, remove infected plants immediately and destroy them. Ensure to water the plants at the base and avoid overhead irrigation. Apply a fungicide to protect the unaffected plants.
Bacterial Diseases
Bacterial wilt is a common bacterial disease affecting this plant. It causes the plant to wilt, turn yellow, and eventually die. The bacteria that cause this disease can survive in the soil for many years. Therefore, crop rotation is essential to prevent this disease. Also, use pathogen-free seed, avoid watering the plants from the top, and disinfect tools used on infected plants.
Pest Management
Phacelia hastata Dougl. ex Lehm. var. compacta (Brand) Cronq. is usually not prone to severe pest infestations. However, some pests can still affect its growth and yield, particularly when cultivated in high populations.
Insect Pests
The most common insect pests that can affect this plant include aphids, thrips, and spider mites. These pests suck sap from the plant's leaves and flowers, leading to wilting and reduced yield. To manage these pests, apply insecticides that are safe for use on the plant or introduce beneficial insects such as ladybugs that can feed on them.
Nematodes
Root-knot nematodes can cause damage to the roots of this plant, leading to stunted growth and yellowing. To manage this pest, keep the soil moist as nematodes thrive in dry soils. Use organic matter to improve the soil's health and apply nematicides if necessary.
